Russia is a multinational state with over 185 ethnic groups designated as nationalities; the populations of these groups vary enormously, from millions (e.g., Russians, Tatars ) to under 10,000 (e.g., Samis, Kets ).
Ethnic groups in Russia (2010) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ethnic groups | ||||
Russian | 77.7% | |||
Other | 10.2% | |||
Unspecified | 3.9% | |||
Tatar | 3.7% | |||
Ukrainian | 1.4% | |||
Bashkir | 1.1% | |||
Chuvash | 1% | |||
Chechen | 1% |
The 83 (or 85) federal subjects which together constitute the Russian Federation include:
Ethnic. group | Language. family | Main. area | 1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | %, | Number | % | Number | % | |||
Russians | Indo-European | European Russia | 71,374,283 | 78.1% | 89,747,795 | 82.9% | 97,863,579 | 83.3% | 107,747,630 | 82.8% | 113,521,881 | 82.6% | 119,865,469 | 81.5% | 115,889,107 | 80.6% | 111,016,896 | 80.9% |
Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 3,926,053 | 3.2% | 3,682,956 | 3.4% | 4,074,253 | 3.5% | 4,577,061 | 3.5% | 5,055,757 | 3.6% | 5,522,096 | 3.8% | 5,554,601 | 3.9% | 5,310,649 | 3.9% |
Ukrainians | Indo-European | European Russia | 6,870,976 | 7.4% | 3,205,061 | 3.0% | 3,359,083 | 2.9% | 3,345,885 | 2.6% | 3,657,647 | 2.7% | 4,362,872 | 3.0% | 2,942,961 | 2.0% | 1,927,888 | 1.4% |
Bashkirs | Turkic | European Russia | 738,861 | 0.80% | 824,537 | 0.76% | 953,801 | 0.81% | 1,180,913 | 0.91% | 1,290,994 | 0.94% | 1,345,273 | 0.92% | 1,673,389 | 1.16% | 1,584,554 | 1.15% |
Chuvashs | Turkic | European Russia | 1,112,478 | 1.20% | 1,346,232 | 1.24% | 1,436,218 | 1.22% | 1,637,028 | 1.26% | 1,689,847 | 1.23% | 1,773,645 | 1.21% | 1,637,094 | 1.14% | 1,435,872 | 1.05% |
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 318,361 | 0.34% | 400,325 | 0.37% | 261,311 | 0.22% | 572,220 | 0.44% | 712,161 | 0.52% | 898,999 | 0.61% | 1,360,253 | 0.95% | 1,431,360 | 1.04% |
Armenians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 183,785 | 0.20% | 205,233 | 0.19% | 255,978 | 0.22% | 298,718 | 0.23% | 364,570 | 0.27% | 532,390 | 0.36% | 1,132,033 | 0.79% | 1,182,388 | 0.86% |
Avars | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 178,263 | 0.19% | 235,715 | 0.22% | 249,529 | 0.21% | 361,613 | 0.28% | 438,306 | 0.32% | 544,016 | 0.37% | 814,473 | 0.57% | 912,090 | 0.66% |
Mordvins | Uralic | European Russia | 1,306,798 | 1.41% | 1,375,558 | 1.27% | 1,211,105 | 1.03% | 1,177,492 | 0.91% | 1,111,075 | 0.81% | 1,072,939 | 0.73% | 843,350 | 0.59% | 744,237 | 0.54% |
Kazakhs | Turkic | Southern | 136,501 | 0.15% | 356,500 | 0.33% | 382,431 | 0.33% | 477,820 | 0.37% | 518,060 | 0.38% | 635,865 | 0.43% | 653,962 | 0.46% | 647,732 | 0.47% |
Azerbaijanis | Turkic | Caucasus | 24,335 | 0.03% | 43,014 | 0.04% | 70,947 | 0.06% | 95,689 | 0.07% | 152,421 | 0.11% | 335,889 | 0.23% | 621,840 | 0.43% | 603,070 | 0.44% |
Dargins | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 125,759 | 0.14% | 152,007 | 0.14% | 152,563 | 0.13% | 224,172 | 0.17% | 280,444 | 0.20% | 353,348 | 0.24% | 510,156 | 0.35% | 589,386 | 0.43% |
Udmurts (incl. Besermyan 1939-1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 503,970 | 0.54% | 599,893 | 0.55% | 615,640 | 0.52% | 678,393 | 0.52% | 685,718 | 0.50% | 714,883 | 0.49% | 636,906 | 0.45% | 552,299 | 0.40% |
Mari | Uralic | European Russia | 427,874 | 0.46% | 476,314 | 0.44% | 498,066 | 0.42% | 581,082 | 0.45% | 599,637 | 0.44% | 643,698 | 0.44% | 604,298 | 0.42% | 547,605 | 0.40% |
Ossetians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 157,280 | 0.17% | 195,624 | 0.18% | 247,834 | 0.21% | 313,458 | 0.24% | 352,080 | 0.26% | 402,275 | 0.27% | 514,875 | 0.36% | 528,515 | 0.38% |
Belarusians | Indo-European | European Russia | 607,845 | 0.66% | 451,933 | 0.42% | 843,985 | 0.72% | 964,082 | 0.74% | 1,051,900 | 0.77% | 1,206,222 | 0.82% | 807,970 | 0.56% | 521,443 | 0.38% |
Kabardins | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 139,864 | 0.15% | 161,216 | 0.15% | 200,634 | 0.17% | 277,435 | 0.21% | 318,822 | 0.23% | 386,055 | 0.26% | 519,958 | 0.36% | 516,826 | 0.38% |
Kumyks | Turkic | Caucasus | 94,509 | 0.10% | 110,299 | 0.10% | 132,896 | 0.11% | 186,690 | 0.14% | 225,800 | 0.16% | 277,163 | 0.19% | 422,409 | 0.29% | 503,060 | 0.37% |
Yakuts (icl. Dolgans 1939-1959) | Turkic | Far East | 240,682 | 0.26% | 241,870 | 0.22% | 236,125 | 0.20% | 295,223 | 0.23% | 326,531 | 0.24% | 380,242 | 0.26% | 443,852 | 0.31% | 478,085 | 0.35% |
Lezgians | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 92,937 | 0.10% | 100,328 | 0.09% | 114,210 | 0.10% | 170,494 | 0.13% | 202,854 | 0.15% | 257,270 | 0.17% | 411,535 | 0.29% | 473,722 | 0.34% |
Buryats (incl. Soyots 1939-1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 237,490 | 0.26% | 220,618 | 0.20% | 251,504 | 0.21% | 312,847 | 0.24% | 349,760 | 0.25% | 417,425 | 0.28% | 445,175 | 0.31% | 461,389 | 0.34% |
Ingush | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 72,137 | 0.08% | 90,980 | 0.08% | 55,799 | 0.05% | 137,380 | 0.11% | 165,997 | 0.12% | 215,068 | 0.15% | 413,016 | 0.29% | 444,833 | 0.32% |
Germans | Indo-European | European Russia | 707,277 | 0.76% | 811,205 | 0.75% | 820,016 | 0.70% | 761,888 | 0.59% | 790,762 | 0.58% | 842,295 | 0.57% | 597,212 | 0.42% | 394,138 | 0.29% |
Uzbeks | Turkic | Moscow | 942 | 0.00% | 16,166 | 0.01% | 29,512 | 0.03% | 61,588 | 0.05% | 72,385 | 0.05% | 126,899 | 0.09% | 122,916 | 0.09% | 289,862 | 0.21% |
Tuvans | Turkic | Siberia | 200 | 0.00% | 794 | 0.00% | 99,864 | 0.08% | 139,013 | 0.11% | 165,426 | 0.12% | 206,160 | 0.14% | 243,442 | 0.17% | 263,934 | 0.19% |
Komi (incl. Komi-Permyak 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 226,012 | 0.24% | 415,009 | 0.38% | 281,780 | 0.24% | 315,347 | 0.24% | 320,078 | 0.23% | 336,309 | 0.23% | 293,406 | 0.20% | 228,235 | 0.17% |
Karachays | Turkic | Caucasus | 55,116 | 0.06% | 74,488 | 0.07% | 70,537 | 0.06% | 106,831 | 0.08% | 125,792 | 0.09% | 150,332 | 0.10% | 192,182 | 0.13% | 218,403 | 0.16% |
Roma | Indo-European | European Russia | 39,089 | 0.04% | 59,198 | 0.05% | 72,488 | 0.06% | 97,955 | 0.08% | 120,672 | 0.09% | 152,939 | 0.10% | 183,252 | 0.13% | 204,958 | 0.15% |
Tajiks | Indo-European | Saint Petersburg | 52 | 0.00% | 3,315 | 0.00% | 7,027 | 0.01% | 14,108 | 0.01% | 17,863 | 0.01% | 38,208 | 0.03% | 120,136 | 0.08% | 200,666 | 0.15% |
Kalmyks | Mongolic | Caucasus | 128,809 | 0.14% | 129,786 | 0.12% | 100,603 | 0.09% | 131,318 | 0.10% | 140,103 | 0.10% | 165,103 | 0.11% | 174,000 | 0.12% | 183,372 | 0.13% |
Laks | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 40,243 | 0.04% | 54,348 | 0.05% | 58,397 | 0.05% | 78,625 | 0.06% | 91,412 | 0.07% | 106,245 | 0.07% | 156,545 | 0.11% | 178,630 | 0.13% |
Georgians | South Caucasian | Caucasus | 20,551 | 0.02% | 43,585 | 0.04% | 57,594 | 0.05% | 68,971 | 0.05% | 89,407 | 0.07% | 130,688 | 0.09% | 197,934 | 0.14% | 157,803 | 0.11% |
Jews | Semitic | European Russia | 539,086 | 0.58% | 891,147 | 0.82% | 875,058 | 0.74% | 807,526 | 0.62% | 699,286 | 0.51% | 550,709 | 0.37% | 233,439 | 0.16% | 156,801 | 0.11% |
Moldovans | Indo-European | European Russia | 16,870 | 0.02% | 21,974 | 0.02% | 62,298 | 0.05% | 87,538 | 0.07% | 102,137 | 0.07% | 172,671 | 0.12% | 172,330 | 0.12% | 156,400 | 0.11% |
Koreans | Korean | Far East | 86,799 | 0.09% | 11,345 | 0.01% | 91,445 | 0.08% | 101,369 | 0.08% | 97,649 | 0.07% | 107,051 | 0.07% | 148,556 | 0.10% | 153,156 | 0.11% |
Tabasarans | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 31,983 | 0.03% | 33,471 | 0.03% | 34,288 | 0.03% | 54,047 | 0.04% | 73,433 | 0.05% | 93,587 | 0.06% | 131,785 | 0.09% | 146,360 | 0.11% |
Adyghe (incl. Shapsugs 1926-1989 and Cherkess 1926-1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 64,959 | 0.07% | 85,588 | 0.08% | 78,561 | 0.07% | 98,461 | 0.08% | 107,239 | 0.08% | 122,908 | 0.08% | 128,528 | 0.09% | 124,835 | 0.09% |
Balkars | Turkic | Caucasus | 33,298 | 0.04% | 41,949 | 0.04% | 35,249 | 0.03% | 52,969 | 0.04% | 61,828 | 0.04% | 78,341 | 0.05% | 108,426 | 0.08% | 112,924 | 0.08% |
Turks (incl. Meskhetian Turks 1926-1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 1,846 | 0.00% | 2,668 | 0.00% | 1,377 | 0.00% | 1,568 | 0.00% | 3,561 | 0.00% | 9,890 | 0.01% | 92,415 | 0.06% | 105,058 | 0.08% |
Nogais | Turkic | Caucasus | 36,089 | 0.04% | 36,088 | 0.03% | 37,656 | 0.03% | 51,159 | 0.04% | 58,639 | 0.04% | 73,703 | 0.05% | 90,666 | 0.06% | 103,660 | 0.08% |
Kyrgyz | Turkic | Moscow | 285 | 0.00% | 6,311 | 0.01% | 4,701 | 0.00% | 9,107 | 0.01% | 15,011 | 0.01% | 41,734 | 0.03% | 31,808 | 0.02% | 103,422 | 0.08% |
Komi-Permyak (in Komi 1939) | Uralic | European Russia | 149,275 | 0.16% | 143,030 | 0.12% | 150,244 | 0.12% | 145,993 | 0.11% | 147,269 | 0.10% | 125,235 | 0.09% | 94,456 | 0.07% | ||
Altay | Turkic | Siberia | 52,248 | 0.06% | 46,489 | 0.04% | 44,654 | 0.04% | 54,614 | 0.04% | 58,879 | 0.04% | 69,409 | 0.05% | 77,822 | 0.05% | 89,773 | 0.06% |
Pontic Greeks (including Caucasus Greeks ) | Indo-European | Caucasus | 34,439 | 0.04% | 65,705 | 0.06% | 47,024 | 0.04% | 57,847 | 0.04% | 69,816 | 0.05% | 91,699 | 0.06% | 97,827 | 0.07% | 85,640 | 0.06% |
Cherkess (in Adyghe 1926-1939) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 28,986 | 0.02% | 38,356 | 0.03% | 44,572 | 0.03% | 50,572 | 0.03% | 60,517 | 0.04% | 73,184 | 0.05% | ||||
Khakas | Turkic | Siberia | 45,607 | 0.05% | 52,033 | 0.05% | 56,032 | 0.05% | 65,368 | 0.05% | 69,247 | 0.05% | 78,500 | 0.05% | 76,278 | 0.05% | 72,959 | 0.05% |
Karelians | Uralic | European Russia | 248,017 | 0.27% | 249,778 | 0.23% | 164,050 | 0.14% | 141,148 | 0.11% | 133,182 | 0.10% | 124,921 | 0.08% | 93,344 | 0.06% | 60,815 | 0.04% |
Poles | Indo-European | European Russia | 189,269 | 0.20% | 142,461 | 0.13% | 118,422 | 0.10% | 107,084 | 0.08% | 99,733 | 0.07% | 94,594 | 0.06% | 73,001 | 0.05% | 47,125 | 0.03% |
Nenets (incl. Enets 1926-1979 and Nganasans 1926-1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 17,560 | 0.02% | 24,716 | 0.02% | 22,845 | 0.02% | 28,487 | 0.02% | 29,487 | 0.02% | 34,190 | 0.02% | 41,302 | 0.03% | 44,640 | 0.03% |
Abazas | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 13,825 | 0.01% | 14,739 | 0.01% | 19,059 | 0.02% | 24,892 | 0.02% | 28,800 | 0.02% | 32,983 | 0.02% | 37,942 | 0.03% | 43,341 | 0.03% |
Yazidis | Indo-European | Caucasus | 1 | 0.00% | 31,273 | 0.02% | 40,586 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Evenks | Tungusic | Far East | 38,804 | 0.03% | 29,599 | 0.02% | 24,583 | 0.02% | 25,051 | 0.02% | 27,278 | 0.02% | 29,901 | 0.02% | 35,527 | 0.02% | 37,843 | 0.03% |
Turkmens | Turkic | Caucasus | 7,849 | 0.01% | 12,869 | 0.01% | 11,631 | 0.01% | 20,040 | 0.02% | 22,979 | 0.02% | 39,739 | 0.03% | 33,053 | 0.02% | 36,885 | 0.03% |
Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 10,333 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,703 | 0.01% | 11,904 | 0.01% | 14,835 | 0.01% | 19,503 | 0.01% | 29,929 | 0.02% | 35,240 | 0.03% |
Aghuls | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 7,653 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,460 | 0.01% | 8,751 | 0.01% | 11,752 | 0.01% | 17,728 | 0.01% | 28,297 | 0.02% | 34,160 | 0.02% |
Lithuanians | Indo-European | European Russia | 26,128 | 0.03% | 20,795 | 0.02% | 108,579 | 0.09% | 76,718 | 0.06% | 66,783 | 0.05% | 70,427 | 0.05% | 45,569 | 0.03% | 31,377 | 0.02% |
Khanty | Uralic | Urals | 22,301 | 0.02% | 18,447 | 0.02% | 19,246 | 0.02% | 21,007 | 0.02% | 20,743 | 0.02% | 22,283 | 0.02% | 28,678 | 0.02% | 30,943 | 0.02% |
Chinese | Sino-Tibetan | Far East | 8,739 | 0.01% | 22,491 | 0.02% | 19,097 | 0.02% | 7,987 | 0.01% | 5,743 | 0.00% | 5,197 | 0.00% | 34,577 | 0.02% | 28,943 | 0.02% |
Bulgarians | Indo-European | European Russia | 4,087 | 0.00% | 8,338 | 0.01% | 24,899 | 0.02% | 27,321 | 0.02% | 24,943 | 0.02% | 32,785 | 0.02% | 31,965 | 0.02% | 24,038 | 0.02% |
Kurds (incl. Yazidis 1939-1989) | Indo-European | Caucasus | 164 | 0.00% | 387 | 0.00% | 855 | 0.00% | 1,015 | 0.00% | 1,634 | 0.00% | 4,724 | 0.00% | 19,607 | 0.01% | 23,232 | 0.01% |
Evens | Tungusic | Far East | 2,044 | 0.00% | 9,674 | 0.01% | 9,023 | 0.01% | 11,819 | 0.01% | 12,215 | 0.01% | 17,055 | 0.01% | 19,071 | 0.01% | 22,383 | 0.02% |
Finns | Uralic | European Russia | 134,089 | 0.14% | 138,962 | 0.13% | 72,356 | 0.06% | 62,307 | 0.05% | 55,687 | 0.04% | 47,102 | 0.03% | 34,050 | 0.02% | 20,267 | 0.01% |
Latvians | Indo-European | European Russia | 124,312 | 0.13% | 104,877 | 0.10% | 74,932 | 0.06% | 59,695 | 0.05% | 67,267 | 0.05% | 46,829 | 0.03% | 28,520 | 0.02% | 18,979 | 0.01% |
Estonians | Uralic | European Russia | 146,051 | 0.16% | 130,494 | 0.12% | 78,556 | 0.07% | 62,980 | 0.05% | 55,539 | 0.04% | 46,390 | 0.03% | 28,113 | 0.02% | 17,875 | 0.01% |
Chukchi (incl. Kereks 1926-1989 and Chuvans 1939-1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 12,331 | 0.01% | 13,830 | 0.01% | 11,680 | 0.01% | 13,500 | 0.01% | 13,937 | 0.01% | 15,107 | 0.01% | 15,767 | 0.01% | 15,908 | 0.01% |
Vietnamese | Austro-Asiatic | Moscow | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 781 | 0.00% | 6,287 | 0.00% | 661 | 0.00% | 2,142 | 0.00% | 26,206 | 0.02% | 13,954 | 0.01% |
Gagauz | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,012 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,176 | 0.00% | 10,051 | 0.01% | 12,210 | 0.01% | 13,690 | 0.01% |
Shors | Turkic | Siberia | 13,000 | 0.01% | 16,042 | 0.01% | 14,938 | 0.01% | 15,950 | 0.01% | 15,182 | 0.01% | 15,745 | 0.01% | 13,975 | 0.01% | 12,888 | 0.01% |
Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,533 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 4,437 | 0.00% | 4,730 | 0.00% | 4,774 | 0.00% | 6,492 | 0.00% | 10,366 | 0.01% | 12,769 | 0.01% |
Mansi | Uralic | Urals | 5,754 | 0.01% | 6,295 | 0.01% | 6,318 | 0.01% | 7,609 | 0.01% | 7,434 | 0.01% | 8,279 | 0.01% | 11,432 | 0.01% | 12,269 | 0.01% |
Nanais | Tungusic | Far East | 5,860 | 0.01% | 8,411 | 0.01% | 7,919 | 0.01% | 9,911 | 0.01% | 10,357 | 0.01% | 11,883 | 0.01% | 12,160 | 0.01% | 12,003 | 0.01% |
Abkhaz | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 97 | 0.00% | 647 | 0.00% | 1,400 | 0.00% | 2,427 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% | 7,239 | 0.00% | 11,366 | 0.01% | 11,249 | 0.01% |
Assyrians | Semitic | Caucasus | 2,791 | 0.00% | 7,446 | 0.01% | 7,612 | 0.01% | 8,098 | 0.01% | 8,708 | 0.01% | 9,622 | 0.01% | 13,649 | 0.01% | 11,084 | 0.01% |
Arabs | Semitic | Caucasus | 466 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 649 | 0.00% | 2,555 | 0.00% | 2,339 | 0.00% | 2,704 | 0.00% | 10,811 | 0.01% | 9,583 | 0.01% |
Nağaybäk | Turkic | Urals | 11196 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 9,600 | 0.01% | 8,148 | 0.01% |
Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 7,437 | 0.01% | 7,337 | 0.01% | 6,168 | 0.01% | 7,367 | 0.01% | 7,637 | 0.01% | 8,942 | 0.01% | 8,743 | 0.01% | 7,953 | 0.01% |
Dolgans (in Yakuts 1939-1959) | Turkic | Siberia | 656 | 0.00% | 4,718 | 0.00% | 4,911 | 0.00% | 6,584 | 0.00% | 7,261 | 0.01% | 7,885 | 0.01% | ||||
Veps | Uralic | Northwest | 32,783 | 0.04% | 31,442 | 0.03% | 16,170 | 0.01% | 8,057 | 0.01% | 7,550 | 0.01% | 12,142 | 0.01% | 8,240 | 0.01% | 5,936 | 0.00% |
Afghans | Indo-European | Moscow | 38 | 0.00% | 190 | 0.00% | 175 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 184 | 0.00% | 858 | 0.00% | 9,800 | 0.01% | 5,350 | 0.00% |
Meskhetian Turks (in Turks 1926-1989) | Turkic | Caucasus | 3,527 | 0.00% | 4,825 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Nivkh | Nivkh | Far East | 4,076 | 0.00% | 3,857 | 0.00% | 3,690 | 0.00% | 4,356 | 0.00% | 4,366 | 0.00% | 4,631 | 0.00% | 5,162 | 0.00% | 4,652 | 0.00% |
Udis | Northeast Caucasian | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 35 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,102 | 0.00% | 3,721 | 0.00% | 4,267 | 0.00% |
Indians | Indo-European | European Russia | 17 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,378 | 0.00% | 181 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 4,980 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% |
Shapsugs (in Adyghe 1926-1989) | Northwest Caucasian | Caucasus | 3,231 | 0.00% | 3,882 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Persians | Indo-European | Caucasus | 8,626 | 0.01% | 6,041 | 0.01% | 2,490 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 1,747 | 0.00% | 2,572 | 0.00% | 3,821 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Uygurs | Turkic | Siberia | 26 | 0.00% | 642 | 0.00% | 720 | 0.00% | 1,513 | 0.00% | 1,707 | 0.00% | 2,577 | 0.00% | 2,867 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Selkups | Uralic | Siberia | 1,630 | 0.00% | 2,604 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,518 | 0.00% | 3,564 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,649 | 0.00% |
Soyots (in Buryats 1939-1989) | Mongolic | Siberia | 229 | 0.00% | 2,769 | 0.00% | 3,608 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Serbs | Indo-European | European Russia | 1,278 | 0.00% | 2,373 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 815 | 0.00% | 1,580 | 0.00% | 4,156 | 0.00% | 3,510 | 0.00% |
Romanians | Indo-European | European Russia | 2,881 | 0.00% | 2,682 | 0.00% | 3,316 | 0.00% | 4,093 | 0.00% | 3,837 | 0.00% | 5,996 | 0.00% | 5,308 | 0.00% | 3,201 | 0.00% |
Itelmeni | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 803 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,096 | 0.00% | 1,255 | 0.00% | 1,335 | 0.00% | 2,429 | 0.00% | 3,180 | 0.00% | 3,193 | 0.00% |
Mongols | Mongolic | Siberia | 548 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,511 | 0.00% | 3,759 | 0.00% | 1,812 | 0.00% | 2,117 | 0.00% | 2,656 | 0.00% | 2,986 | 0.00% |
Kumandins | Turkic | Siberia | 6,335 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,114 | 0.00% | 2,892 | 0.00% |
Hungarians | Uralic | European Russia | 3,882 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 4,175 | 0.00% | 6,681 | 0.01% | 4,313 | 0.00% | 5,742 | 0.00% | 3,768 | 0.00% | 2,781 | 0.00% |
Ulchs | Tungusic | Far East | 723 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 2,049 | 0.00% | 2,410 | 0.00% | 2,494 | 0.00% | 3,173 | 0.00% | 2,913 | 0.00% | 2,765 | 0.00% |
Teleuts | Turkic | Siberia | 1,898 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,650 | 0.00% | 2,643 | 0.00% |
Talysh | Indo-European | Caucasus | 0 | 0.00% | 47 | 0.00% | 33 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.00% | 202 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 2,529 | 0.00% | ||
Crimean Tatars | Turkic | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 2,852 | 0.00% | 5,165 | 0.00% | 21,275 | 0.01% | 4,131 | 0.00% | 2,449 | 0.00% |
Besermyan (in Udmurts 1939-1989) | Uralic | European Russia | 10,035 | 0.01% | 3,122 | 0.00% | 2,201 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Hemshins | Indo-European | Caucasus | 2 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,542 | 0.00% | 2,047 | 0.00% |
Kamchadals | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 4216 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,293 | 0.00% | 1,927 | 0.00% |
Czechs | Indo-European | European Russia | 7,996 | 0.01% | 7,526 | 0.01% | 7,174 | 0.01% | 6,073 | 0.00% | 4,491 | 0.00% | 4,375 | 0.00% | 2,904 | 0.00% | 1,898 | 0.00% |
Sami | Uralic | European Russia | 1,715 | 0.00% | 1,828 | 0.00% | 1,760 | 0.00% | 1,836 | 0.00% | 1,775 | 0.00% | 1,835 | 0.00% | 1,991 | 0.00% | 1,771 | 0.00% |
Dungans | Sino-Tibetan | Siberia | 6,009 | 0.01% | 48 | 0.00% | 169 | 0.00% | 304 | 0.00% | 1,159 | 0.00% | 635 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,651 | 0.00% |
Eskimo | Eskimo-Aleut | Far East | 1,292 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,111 | 0.00% | 1,265 | 0.00% | 1,460 | 0.00% | 1,704 | 0.00% | 1,750 | 0.00% | 1,738 | 0.00% |
Yukaghir | Yukaghir | Far East | 443 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 440 | 0.00% | 593 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,112 | 0.00% | 1,509 | 0.00% | 1,603 | 0.00% |
Tats | Indo-European | Caucasus | 223 | 0.00% | 5,136 | 0.00% | 8,753 | 0.01% | 12,748 | 0.01% | 19,420 | 0.01% | 2,303 | 0.00% | 1,585 | 0.00% | ||
Americans | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 457 | 0.00% | 273 | 0.00% | 785 | 0.00% | 81 | 0.00% | 185 | 0.00% | 1,275 | 0.00% | 1,572 | 0.00% |
Udege (incl. Taz 1926-1989) | Tungusic | Far East | 1,357 | 0.00% | 1,701 | 0.00% | 1,395 | 0.00% | 1,396 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 1,902 | 0.00% | 1,657 | 0.00% | 1,496 | 0.00% |
French | Indo-European | European Russia | 1,338 | 0.00% | 991 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 1,243 | 0.00% | 305 | 0.00% | 352 | 0.00% | 819 | 0.00% | 1,475 | 0.00% |
Karakalpaks | Turkic | Volga | 14 | 0.00% | 306 | 0.00% | 988 | 0.00% | 2,267 | 0.00% | 1,743 | 0.00% | 6,155 | 0.00% | 1,609 | 0.00% | 1,466 | 0.00% |
Italians | Indo-European | European Russia | 749 | 0.00% | 713 | 0.00% | 525 | 0.00% | 889 | 0.00% | 356 | 0.00% | 627 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | 1,370 | 0.00% |
Ket | Yeniseian | Siberia | 1,428 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,017 | 0.00% | 1,161 | 0.00% | 1,072 | 0.00% | 1,084 | 0.00% | 1,494 | 0.00% | 1,219 | 0.00% |
Spanish | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 2,290 | 0.00% | 1,615 | 0.00% | 2,631 | 0.00% | 1,961 | 0.00% | 2,054 | 0.00% | 1,547 | 0.00% | 1,162 | 0.00% |
Slovenes | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,008 | 0.00% |
Chuvans (in Chukchi 1939-1979) | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Far East | 704 | 0.00% | 1,384 | 0.00% | 1,087 | 0.00% | 1,002 | 0.00% | ||||||||
British | Indo-European | European Russia | 517 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 312 | 0.00% | 542 | 0.00% | 115 | 0.00% | 223 | 0.00% | 529 | 0.00% | 950 | 0.00% |
Japanese | Japanese | Far East | 79 | 0.00% | 922 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% | 1,141 | 0.00% | 655 | 0.00% | 591 | 0.00% | 835 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% |
Nganasans (in Nenets 1926-1939) | Uralic | Siberia | 721 | 0.00% | 823 | 0.00% | 842 | 0.00% | 1,262 | 0.00% | 834 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | ||||
Mountain Jews | Indo-European | Caucasus | 15,612 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | 19,352 | 0.02% | 15,434 | 0.01% | 6,509 | 0.00% | 11,282 | 0.01% | 3,394 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% |
Tofalars | Turkic | Siberia | 2,828 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 476 | 0.00% | 570 | 0.00% | 576 | 0.00% | 722 | 0.00% | 837 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% |
Cubans | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,175 | 0.00% | 1,566 | 0.00% | 707 | 0.00% | 676 | 0.00% |
Orochs (incl. Oroks 1970-1979) | Tungusic | Far East | 646 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 779 | 0.00% | 1,037 | 0.00% | 1,040 | 0.00% | 883 | 0.00% | 686 | 0.00% | 596 | 0.00% |
Negidals | Tungusic | Far East | 683 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 495 | 0.00% | 477 | 0.00% | 587 | 0.00% | 567 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | ||
Pakistani | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 507 | 0.00% |
Aleut | Eskimo-Aleut | Far East | 353 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 399 | 0.00% | 410 | 0.00% | 489 | 0.00% | 644 | 0.00% | 540 | 0.00% | 482 | 0.00% |
Pamiris | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 363 | 0.00% |
Chulyms | Turkic | Siberia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 656 | 0.00% | 355 | 0.00% |
Macedonians | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 325 | 0.00% |
Slovaks | Indo-European | European Russia | 0 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | 497 | 0,00% | 758 | 0,00% | 439 | 0,00% | 711 | 0,00% | 568 | 0,00% | 324 | 0,00% |
Хорваты | индоевропейцы | Европейская Россия | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 174 | 0,00% | 115 | 0,00% | 479 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 304 | 0,00% |
Орокс (в Орочи 1970- 1979) | Тунгусский | Дальний Восток | 162 | 0,00% | SSP | SSP | 2 | 0,00% | 179 | 0,00% | 346 | 0,00% | 295 | 0,00% | ||||
таз (в удэгэ 1926-1989) | Китайско-Тибетский | Дальний Восток | 276 | 0,00% | 274 | 0,00% | ||||||||||||
Ижорцы | Уральский | Европейская Россия | 16,136 | 0,02% | 7,720 | 0,01% | 564 | 0,00% | 561 | 0,00% | 449 | 0,00% | 449 | 0,00% | 327 | 0,00% | 266 | 0,00% |
боснийцы | индоевропейцы | европейская часть России | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 256 | 0,00% |
Энец (в ненцах 1926-1979) | Уральский | Сибирь | 198 | 0,00% | 237 | 0,00% | 227 | 0,00% | ||||||||||
Русины | индоевропейцы | Европейская Россия | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 97 | 0,00% | 225 | 0,00% |
караимы | тюркские | Европейская Россия | 1,608 | 0,00% | 1,608 | 0,00% | 1,236 | 0,00% | 939 | 0,00% | 680 | 0,00% | 366 | 0,00% | 205 | 0,00% | ||
Черногорцы | Индоевропейцы | Европейская Россия | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 181 | 0,00% |
Крымчаки | тюркские | Европейская Россия | 6,185 | 0,01% | 0 | 0,00% | 249 | 0,00% | 389 | 0,00% | 1,365 | 0,00% | 338 | 0,00% | 157 | 0 0,00% | 90 | 0,00% |
Грузинские евреи | Южный Кавказ | Кавказ | 82 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 109 | 0,00% | 109 | 0,00% | 130 | 0,00% | 1,172 | 0,00% | 53 | 0,00% | 78 | 0,00% |
Голосов | Уральский | Европейская Россия | 705 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 73 | 0,00% | 64 | 0,00% |
Среднеазиатская Rroma | Индоевропейская | Европейская Россия | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 486 | 0,00% | 49 | 0,00% |
Евреи Центральной Азии | Индоевропейцы | Европейская Россия | 93 | 0,00 % | 0 | 0,00% | 99 | 0,00% | 91 | 0,00% | 336 | 0,00% | 1,407 | 0,00% | 54 | 0,00 % | 32 | 0,00% |
Керекс (в Чукчах 1926-1989) | Чукотско-Камчатских | Дальний Восток | 8 | 0,00% | 4 | 0,00% | ||||||||||||
Малые народы Дагестана (СДП) | Кавказ | 20,962 | 0,02% | |||||||||||||||
Малые народы Сибири (ССП) | Сибирь | 11,824 | 0,01% |
Алту gh конституция России признает русский язык официальным языком, отдельные республики могут объявить один или несколько официальных языков. У большинства предметов минимум два - русский и язык «одноименной» национальности. В большинстве субъектов страны существует оживленная сцена на языках меньшинств: более 1350 газет и журналов, 300 телеканалов и 250 радиостанций на более чем 50 языках меньшинств. Более того, новое законодательство разрешает использование языков меньшинств в федеральном радио- и телевещании.
В 2007 году в 6260 школах преподавалось в общей сложности 38 языков меньшинств, и более 75 языков меньшинств преподавались в качестве дисциплины в 10 404 школах. школы. Министры Совета Европы отметили усилия по улучшению предложения учебников и учителей языков меньшинств, а также большую доступность преподавания языков меньшинств. Однако, как отметили министры, остаются недостатки в доступе к образованию лиц, принадлежащих к определенным меньшинствам.
Существует более 2000 общественных объединений национальных меньшинств и 560 национально-культурных автономий, однако Комитет министров имеет отметил, что во многих регионах объем государственной поддержки сохранения и развития культур меньшинств все еще недостаточен. Между "одноименными" этническими группами и народностями, не имеющими своей национальной территории, существует значительная разница, поскольку ресурсы последних относительно ограничены.
Россия также является родиной особой категории меньшинства, т.е. коренные малочисленные народы Севера и Дальнего Востока, которые ведут очень традиционный образ жизни, часто в опасных климатических условиях, при этом адаптируясь к современному миру. После распада Советского Союза Россия приняла закон о защите прав коренных малочисленных народов Севера.
Гиль-Роблес отметил соглашения между представителями коренных народов и нефтяными компаниями, которые должны компенсировать потенциальный ущерб местам обитания людей из-за разведка нефти. Как отметил в 2007 году Комитет министров Совета Европы, несмотря на некоторые инициативы в области развития, на социально-экономическое положение коренных малочисленных народов повлияли недавние законодательные поправки на федеральном уровне, отменяющие некоторые позитивные меры в отношении их доступа к земле и прочие природные ресурсы.
этническая карта России 1989 г.; с коричневым как русские, зеленым как тюркские народы,...
Этническая карта России, 2010
Крупнейшая этническая группа, кроме русских: желтый - украинцы, зеленый газон - татары, зеленый - казахи, оранжевый - армяне, синий - буряты, серо-голубой - немцы, розовый - корейцы
Самые крупные регионы двух народов, исключая русских (перепись 2010 г.))
Распределение русских, 2010
Распределение татар, 2010
Распределение украинцев, 2010
Распределение башкир, 2010
Распределение чувашей, 2010
Распределение чеченцев, 2010
Распределение армян, 2010 г.
Распределение мордвы, 2010 г.
Распределение казахов, 2010 г.
Распределение азербайджанцев, 2010 г.
Распределение белорусов, 2010 г.
Распределение немцев, 2010 г.
Коренные народы: