группа -group

#1042; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1084;#1072;#1090;#1080;#1082;#1077;, #1074; #1095;#1072;#1089;#1090;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1080; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1080;#1080; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;, #1091;#1095;#1080;#1090;#1099;#1074;#1072;#1103; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1077; #1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1086; #1088;, #1040; #1088; -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090; #1089;#1086;#1073;#1086;#1081; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1091;, #1074; #1082;#1086;#1090;#1086;#1088;#1086;#1081; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1086;#1082; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1101;#1083;#1077;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1072; #1103;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1084;#1086;#1097;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1100; #1086;#1090; #1088;. #1058;#1086; #1077;#1089;#1090;#1100;, #1076;#1083;#1103; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1101;#1083;#1077;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1072; #1075; #1074; #1040; #1088; -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; G, #1089;#1091;#1097;#1077;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1091;#1077;#1090; #1085;#1077;#1086;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1094;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086;#1077; #1094;#1077;#1083;#1086;#1077; #1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1086; #1087; #1090;#1072;#1082;#1086;#1077;, #1095;#1090;#1086; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1080;#1079;#1074;#1077;#1076;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077; #1088; ^#1087; #1082;#1086;#1087;#1080;#1081; #1075;, #1072; #1085;#1077; #1084;#1077;#1085;#1100;#1096;#1077;, #1088;#1072;#1074;#1085;#1086; #1077;#1076;#1080;#1085;#1080;#1094;#1077;. #1055;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1080; #1088;#1072;#1079;#1085;#1099;#1093; #1101;#1083;#1077;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1086;#1074; #1084;#1086;#1075;#1091;#1090; #1073;#1099;#1090;#1100; #1088;#1072;#1079;#1085;#1099;#1084;#1080; #1089;#1090;#1077;#1087;#1077;#1085;#1103;#1084;#1080; p.

#1040;#1073;#1077;#1083;#1077;#1074;#1099; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1090;#1072;#1082;#1078;#1077; #1085;#1072;#1079;#1099;#1074;#1072;#1102;#1090;#1089;#1103; p -#1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1072;#1088;#1085;#1099;#1084;#1080; #1080;#1083;#1080; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086; #1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1072;#1088;#1085;#1099;#1084;#1080;.

#1050;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1072;#1103; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1103;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1088; -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1090;#1086;#1075;#1076;#1072; #1080; #1090;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1082;#1086; #1090;#1086;#1075;#1076;#1072;, #1082;#1086;#1075;#1076;#1072; #1077;#1075;#1086; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1086;#1082; (#1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1086; #1077;#1075;#1086; #1101;#1083;#1077;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1086;#1074;) #1103;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1089;#1090;#1077;#1087;#1077;#1085;#1100;#1102; #1088;. #1059;#1095;#1080;#1090;#1099;#1074;#1072;#1103; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1091;#1102; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1091; G, #1090;#1086; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1077;#1084;#1099; #1057;#1080;#1083;#1086;#1074;#1072; #1075;#1072;#1088;#1072;#1085;#1090;#1080;#1088;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1090;#1100; #1089;#1091;#1097;#1077;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1085;#1080;#1077; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1080;#1079; G #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; #1088; ^#1087; #1076;#1083;#1103; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1084;#1086;#1097;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1080; #1088; ^#1085; #1095;#1090;#1086; #1076;#1077;#1083;#1080;#1090; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1086;#1082; G.

#1054;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1072;#1103; #1095;#1072;#1089;#1090;#1100; #1089;#1090;#1072;#1090;#1100;#1080; #1087;#1086;#1089;#1074;#1103;#1097;#1077;#1085;#1072; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1084; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072;#1084;. #1055;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088; #1073;#1077;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1072;#1073;#1077;#1083;#1077;#1074;#1086;#1081; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1089;#1084;. #1042; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1077; #1055;#1088;#1102;#1092;#1077;#1088;#1072;, #1072; #1076;#1083;#1103; #1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088;#1072; #1073;#1077;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1081; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1089;#1084;. #1043;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1091; #1084;#1086;#1085;#1089;#1090;#1088;#1086;#1074; #1058;#1072;#1088;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1075;#1086;.

#1057;#1054;#1044;#1045;#1056;#1046;#1040;#1053;#1048;#1045;

1 #1053;#1077;#1076;#1074;#1080;#1078;#1080;#1084;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1100;
- 1.1 #1053;#1077;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1074;#1080;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088;
- 1.2 #1040;#1074;#1090;#1086;#1084;#1086;#1088;#1092;#1080;#1079;#1084;#1099;
2 #1055;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088;#1099;
- 2.1 #1048;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1088;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1085;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1089;#1087;#1083;#1077;#1090;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1103;
- 2.2 #1054;#1073;#1086;#1073;#1097;#1077;#1085;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1076;#1080;#1101;#1076;#1088;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099;
- 2.3 #1043;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1091;#1085;#1080;#1090;#1088;#1077;#1091;#1075;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1093; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1094;
3 #1050;#1083;#1072;#1089;#1089;#1080;#1092;#1080;#1082;#1072;#1094;#1080;#1103;
- 3.1 #1044;#1086; #1089;#1090;#1088;. ³
4 #1056;#1072;#1089;#1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1088;#1072;#1085;#1077;#1085;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1100;
- 4.1 #1057;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1080; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;
- 4.2 #1042;#1085;#1091;#1090;#1088;#1080; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099;
5 #1055;#1088;#1080;#1083;#1086;#1078;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077; #1082; #1089;#1090;#1088;#1091;#1082;#1090;#1091;#1088;#1077; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099;
- 5.1 #1052;#1077;#1089;#1090;#1085;#1086;#1077; #1091;#1087;#1088;#1072;#1074;#1083;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077;
6 #1057;#1084;. #1058;#1072;#1082;#1078;#1077;
7 #1057;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1082;#1080;
- 7.1 #1055;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1095;#1072;#1085;#1080;#1103;
- 7.2 #1062;#1080;#1090;#1072;#1090;#1099;
8 #1089;#1089;#1099;#1083;#1082;#1080;
9 #1044;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1077;#1081;#1096;#1077;#1077; #1095;#1090;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077;
10 #1042;#1085;#1077;#1096;#1085;#1080;#1077; #1089;#1089;#1099;#1083;#1082;#1080;

#1061;#1072;#1088;#1072;#1082;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1089;#1090;#1080;#1082;#1080;

#1050;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1072;#1103; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1087;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1086;#1076;#1080;#1095;#1085;#1072;, #1087;#1086;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1082;#1091; #1087;#1086; #1086;#1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1077;#1083;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1102; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1099;#1081; #1101;#1083;#1077;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1090; #1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1086;#1082;.

#1045;#1089;#1083;#1080; p #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1077; #1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1086; #1080; G #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; p ^k, #1090;#1086; G #1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1085;#1086;#1088;#1084;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1091;#1102; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1091; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; p ^m #1076;#1083;#1103; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1086;#1075;#1086; 1 le; m le; k. #1069;#1090;#1086; #1089;#1083;#1077;#1076;#1091;#1077;#1090; #1087;#1086; #1080;#1085;#1076;#1091;#1082;#1094;#1080;#1080; #1089; #1080;#1089;#1087;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1079;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1085;#1080;#1077;#1084; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1077;#1084;#1099; #1050;#1086;#1096;#1080; #1080; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1077;#1084;#1099; #1086; #1089;#1086;#1086;#1090;#1074;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1080;#1080; #1076;#1083;#1103; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;. #1044;#1086;#1082;#1072;#1079;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1086; #1101;#1089;#1082;#1080;#1079; #1074;#1099;#1075;#1083;#1103;#1076;#1080;#1090; #1089;#1083;#1077;#1076;#1091;#1102;#1097;#1080;#1084; #1086;#1073;#1088;#1072;#1079;#1086;#1084;: #1087;#1086;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1082;#1091; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088; Z #1080;#1079; G #1103;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1085;#1077;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1074;#1080;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086;#1081; (#1089;#1084;#1086;#1090;#1088;#1080; #1085;#1080;#1078;#1077;), #1074; #1089;#1086;#1086;#1090;#1074;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1080;#1080; #1089; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1077;#1084;#1086;#1081; #1050;#1086;#1096;#1080; Z #1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1091; #1053; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; #1088;. #1041;#1091;#1076;#1091;#1095;#1080; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1084; #1074; G, H #1086;#1073;#1103;#1079;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086; #1085;#1086;#1088;#1084;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1072; #1074; G. #1058;#1077;#1087;#1077;#1088;#1100; #1084;#1099; #1084;#1086;#1078;#1077;#1084; #1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1090;#1100; #1080;#1085;#1076;#1091;#1082;#1090;#1080;#1074;#1085;#1091;#1102; #1075;#1080;#1087;#1086;#1090;#1077;#1079;#1091; #1082; G / H, #1080; #1088;#1077;#1079;#1091;#1083;#1100;#1090;#1072;#1090; #1089;#1083;#1077;#1076;#1091;#1077;#1090; #1080;#1079; #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1077;#1084;#1099; #1086; #1089;#1086;#1086;#1090;#1074;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1080;#1080;.

#1053;#1077;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1074;#1080;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088;

#1054;#1076;#1080;#1085; #1080;#1079; #1087;#1077;#1088;#1074;#1099;#1093; #1089;#1090;#1072;#1085;#1076;#1072;#1088;#1090;#1085;#1099;#1093; #1088;#1077;#1079;#1091;#1083;#1100;#1090;#1072;#1090;#1086;#1074;, #1080;#1089;#1087;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1079;#1091;#1102;#1097;#1080;#1093; #1091;#1088;#1072;#1074;#1085;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077; #1082;#1083;#1072;#1089;#1089;#1086;#1074;, #1089;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1080;#1090; #1074; #1090;#1086;#1084;, #1095;#1090;#1086; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088; #1085;#1077;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1074;#1080;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1081; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1085;#1077; #1084;#1086;#1078;#1077;#1090; #1073;#1099;#1090;#1100; #1090;#1088;#1080;#1074;#1080;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1086;#1081;.

#1069;#1090;#1086; #1089;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1074;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090; #1086;#1089;#1085;#1086;#1074;#1091; #1084;#1085;#1086;#1075;#1080;#1093; #1080;#1085;#1076;#1091;#1082;#1090;#1080;#1074;#1085;#1099;#1093; #1084;#1077;#1090;#1086;#1076;#1086;#1074; #1074; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072;#1093;.

#1053;#1072;#1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088;, #1085;#1086;#1088;#1084;#1072;#1083;#1080;#1079;#1072;#1090;#1086;#1088; #1053; #1086; #1085;#1072;#1076;#1083;#1077;#1078;#1072;#1097;#1077;#1081; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; H #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1088; -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; G #1087;#1088;#1072;#1074;#1080;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086; #1089;#1086;#1076;#1077;#1088;#1078;#1080;#1090; H, #1087;#1086;#1090;#1086;#1084;#1091; #1095;#1090;#1086; #1076;#1083;#1103; #1083;#1102;#1073;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1090;#1088;#1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088;#1072; #1089; H = N, #1094;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1088; Z #1089;#1086;#1076;#1077;#1088;#1078;#1080;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1074; N, #1072; #1089;#1083;#1077;#1076;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1086;, #1080; #1074; H, #1085;#1086; #1090;#1086;#1075;#1076;#1072; #1089;#1091;#1097;#1077;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1091;#1077;#1090; #1084;#1077;#1085;#1100;#1096;#1080;#1081; #1087;#1088;#1080;#1084;#1077;#1088; H / Z, #1085;#1086;#1088;#1084;#1072;#1083;#1080;#1079;#1072;#1090;#1086;#1088; #1082;#1086;#1090;#1086;#1088;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1074; G / Z #1088;#1072;#1074;#1077;#1085; N / Z = H / Z, #1089;#1086;#1079;#1076;#1072;#1074;#1072;#1103; #1073;#1077;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1089;#1087;#1091;#1089;#1082;. #1050;#1072;#1082; #1089;#1083;#1077;#1076;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1080;#1077;, #1074;#1089;#1103;#1082;#1072;#1103; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1072;#1103; p -#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072; #1085;#1080;#1083;#1100;#1087;#1086;#1090;#1077;#1085;#1090;#1085;#1072;.

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#1050;#1083;#1072;#1089;#1089;#1080;#1092;#1080;#1082;#1072;#1094;#1080;#1103;

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#1057;#1084;#1086;#1090;#1088;#1080;#1090;#1077; #1090;#1072;#1082;#1078;#1077;

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#1080;#1089;#1087;#1086;#1083;#1100;#1079;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1085;#1085;#1072;#1103; #1083;#1080;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1072;#1090;#1091;#1088;#1072;

#1041;#1077;#1096;#1077;, #1043;#1072;#1085;#1089; #1059;#1083;#1100;#1088;#1080;#1093;; #1069;#1081;#1082;, #1041;#1077;#1090;#1090;#1080;#1085;#1072;; #1054;'#1041;#1088;#1072;#1081;#1077;#1085;, EA (2002), "#1058;#1099;#1089;#1103;#1095;#1077;#1083;#1077;#1090;#1080;#1077; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1077;#1082;#1090;: #1089;#1090;#1088;#1086;#1080;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1086; #1084;#1072;#1083;#1099;#1093; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;", #1052;#1077;#1078;#1076;#1091;#1085;#1072;#1088;#1086;#1076;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1078;#1091;#1088;#1085;#1072;#1083; #1087;#1086; #1072;#1083;#1075;#1077;#1073;#1088;#1077; #1080; #1074;#1099;#1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1103;#1084;, 12 (5): 623-644, DOI : 10,1142 / S0218196702001115, MR 1935567, S2CID 31716675
#1041;#1077;#1088;#1085;#1089;#1072;#1081;#1076;, #1059;#1080;#1083;#1100;#1103;#1084; (1897), #1090;#1077;#1086;#1088;#1080;#1103; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072;, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781440035456
#1043;#1083;#1072;#1091;#1073;#1077;#1088;#1084;#1072;#1085;, #1044;#1078;#1086;#1088;#1076;#1078; (1971), "#1043;#1083;#1086;#1073;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1080; #1083;#1086;#1082;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1089;#1074;#1086;#1081;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1072; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1093; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;", #1050;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1077; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1099;#1077; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; (Proc. Instructional Conf., Oxford, 1969), #1041;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1086;#1085;, #1052;#1072;#1089;#1089;#1072;#1095;#1091;#1089;#1077;#1090;#1089;: Academic Press, #1089;#1090;#1088;. 1ndash;64, MR 0352241
#1061;#1086;#1083;#1083;-#1084;#1083;#1072;#1076;#1096;#1080;#1081;, #1052;#1072;#1088;#1096;#1072;#1083;#1083; ; #1057;#1090;#1072;#1088;#1096;#1080;#1081;, #1044;#1078;#1077;#1081;#1084;#1089; #1050;. (1964), #1043;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; 2 ⁿ( n le; 6), #1051;#1086;#1085;#1076;#1086;#1085;: Macmillan, LCCN 64016861, MR 0168631 - #1048;#1089;#1095;#1077;#1088;#1087;#1099;#1074;#1072;#1102;#1097;#1080;#1081; #1082;#1072;#1090;#1072;#1083;#1086;#1075; #1080;#1079; 340 #1085;#1077;#1072;#1073;#1077;#1083;#1077;#1074;#1099;#1093; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072;, #1076;#1077;#1083;#1103;#1097;#1077;#1075;#1086; 64, #1089; #1087;#1086;#1076;#1088;#1086;#1073;#1085;#1099;#1084;#1080; #1090;#1072;#1073;#1083;#1080;#1094;#1072;#1084;#1080; #1086;#1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1077;#1083;#1103;#1102;#1097;#1080;#1093; #1086;#1090;#1085;#1086;#1096;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1081;, #1082;#1086;#1085;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1085;#1090; #1080; #1088;#1077;#1096;#1077;#1090;#1095;#1072;#1090;#1099;#1093; #1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1074;#1083;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1081; #1082;#1072;#1078;#1076;#1086;#1081; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1074; #1086;#1073;#1086;#1079;#1085;#1072;#1095;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1103;#1093;, #1082;#1086;#1090;#1086;#1088;#1099;#1077; #1086;#1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1077;#1083;#1103;#1077;#1090; #1090;#1077;#1082;#1089;#1090;. laquo;#1048;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1085;#1077;#1087;#1088;#1077;#1093;#1086;#1076;#1103;#1097;#1091;#1102; #1094;#1077;#1085;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1100; #1076;#1083;#1103; #1090;#1077;#1093;, #1082;#1090;#1086; #1080;#1085;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1077;#1089;#1091;#1077;#1090;#1089;#1103; #1082;#1086;#1085;#1077;#1095;#1085;#1099;#1084;#1080; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1072;#1084;#1080; raquo; (#1080;#1079; #1087;#1088;#1077;#1076;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1086;#1074;#1080;#1103;).
#1061;#1086;#1083;#1083;, #1060;#1080;#1083;#1080;#1087;#1087; (1940), "#1050;#1083;#1072;#1089;#1089;#1080;#1092;#1080;#1082;#1072;#1094;#1080;#1103; #1087;#1088;#1072;#1081;#1084;-#1101;#1085;#1077;#1088;#1075;#1077;#1090;#1080;#1095;#1077;#1089;#1082;#1080;#1093; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;", Journal fuuml;r #1091;#1084;#1077;#1088;#1077;#1090;#1100; Reine #1091;#1085;#1076; Angewandte Mathematik, 1940 (182): 130-141, DOI : 10,1515 / crll.1940.182.130, ISSN 0075-4102, MR 0003389, S2CID 122817195
#1051;#1080;#1076;#1093;#1101;#1084;-#1043;#1088;#1080;#1085;, CR ; #1052;#1072;#1082;#1082;#1077;#1081;, #1057;#1100;#1102;#1079;#1072;#1085; (2002), #1057;#1090;#1088;#1091;#1082;#1090;#1091;#1088;#1072; #1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087; #1089; #1087;#1088;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1099;#1084; #1089;#1090;#1077;#1087;#1077;#1085;#1085;#1099;#1084; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1086;#1084;, #1052;#1086;#1085;#1086;#1075;#1088;#1072;#1092;#1080;#1080; #1051;#1086;#1085;#1076;#1086;#1085;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1084;#1072;#1090;#1080;#1095;#1077;#1089;#1082;#1086;#1075;#1086; #1086;#1073;#1097;#1077;#1089;#1090;#1074;#1072;. #1053;#1086;#1074;#1072;#1103; #1089;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1103;, 27, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-853548-5, MR 1918951
#1057;#1080;#1084;#1089;, #1063;#1072;#1088;#1083;#1100;#1079; (1965), "#1055;#1077;#1088;#1077;#1095;#1080;#1089;#1083;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077; p-#1075;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;", Proc. #1051;#1086;#1085;#1076;#1086;#1085;#1089;#1082;#1072;#1103; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1084;#1072;#1090;#1080;#1082;#1072;. Soc., #1057;#1077;#1088;#1080;#1103; 3, 15: 151-166, DOI : 10,1112 / PLMS / s3-15.1.151, #1052;#1056; 0169921

#1076;#1072;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1077;#1081;#1096;#1077;#1077; #1095;#1090;#1077;#1085;#1080;#1077;

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#1041;#1077;#1088;#1082;#1086;#1074;#1080;#1095;, #1071;#1082;#1086;#1074;; #1071;#1085;#1082;#1086;, #1047;#1074;#1086;#1085;#1080;#1084;#1080;#1088; (2008), #1043;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; #1087;#1077;#1088;#1074;#1080;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1084;#1086;#1097;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1080;, #1042;#1099;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1074;#1082;#1080; #1076;#1077; #1043;#1088;#1102;#1081;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1072; #1087;#1086; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1084;#1072;#1090;#1080;#1082;#1077; 47, #1058;#1086;#1084; 2, #1041;#1077;#1088;#1083;#1080;#1085;: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, ISBN 978-3-1102-0419-3 |volume=#1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1076;#1086;#1087;#1086;#1083;#1085;#1080;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1090;#1077;#1082;#1089;#1090; ( #1089;#1087;#1088;#1072;#1074;#1082;#1072; )
#1041;#1077;#1088;#1082;#1086;#1074;#1080;#1095;, #1071;#1082;#1086;#1074;; #1071;#1085;#1082;#1086;, #1047;#1074;#1086;#1085;#1080;#1084;#1080;#1088; (2011-06-16), #1043;#1088;#1091;#1087;#1087;#1099; #1087;#1086;#1088;#1103;#1076;#1082;#1072; #1087;#1077;#1088;#1074;#1080;#1095;#1085;#1086;#1081; #1084;#1086;#1097;#1085;#1086;#1089;#1090;#1080;, #1042;#1099;#1089;#1090;#1072;#1074;#1082;#1080; #1076;#1077; #1043;#1088;#1102;#1081;#1090;#1077;#1088;#1072; #1087;#1086; #1084;#1072;#1090;#1077;#1084;#1072;#1090;#1080;#1082;#1077; 56, #1058;#1086;#1084; 3, #1041;#1077;#1088;#1083;#1080;#1085;: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, ISBN 978-3-1102-0717-0 |volume=#1080;#1084;#1077;#1077;#1090; #1076;#1086;#1087;#1086;#1083;#1085;#1080;#1090;#1077;#1083;#1100;#1085;#1099;#1081; #1090;#1077;#1082;#1089;#1090; ( #1089;#1087;#1088;#1072;#1074;#1082;#1072; )

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