W. H. Pugmire

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from W.H. Pugmire)
Wilum Hopfrog Pugmire
Pugmire signing books at the World Horror Convention on March 28, 2008
Pugmire signing books at the World Horror Convention on March 28, 2008
Born(1951-05-03)May 3, 1951
United States
DiedMarch 26, 2019(2019-03-26) (aged 67)
Seattle, Washington
OccupationShort story writer
GenreWeird fiction, horror fiction
Literary movementCosmicism
Signature
Website
sesqua.net

Wilum Hopfrog Pugmire (born William Harry Pugmire; May 3, 1951 – March 26, 2019), was a writer of weird fiction and horror fiction based in Seattle, Washington. His works typically were published as W. H. Pugmire (his adopted middle name derives from the story of the same title by Edgar Allan Poe) and his fiction often paid homage to the lore of Lovecraftian horror.[1][2] Lovecraft scholar and biographer S. T. Joshi described Pugmire as "the prose-poet of the horror/fantasy field; he may be the best prose-poet we have"[3] and as one of the genre's leading Lovecraftian authors.[4]

Pugmire's stories have been published in numerous fanzines, book collections, anthologies and magazines including The Year's Best Horror Stories, The Mammoth Book of Cthulhu, Weird Tales, Year's Best Weird Fiction, and many more. In addition, two major retrospectives of his work, The Tangled Muse and An Ecstasy of Fear, were published in 2010 and 2019.

Life[edit]

W.H. Pugmire as Count Pugsly

Pugmire was born on May 3, 1951, to a father active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a Jewish mother.[5] Pugmire grew up in Seattle.[6]

Pugmire attended Franklin High School, where he said he was "a wimpy wee fag" who got beaten up a lot.[7] To escape what he called a rough childhood, Pugmire embraced "weird, creepy sci-fi stories" like The Twilight Zone TV show.[7] During this time he also began playing the role of the vampire 'Count Pugsly' at Jones' Fantastic Museum in Seattle.[8] The character was based on the look of Lon Chaney's vampire in London After Midnight and Pugmire played the role into the 1970s.[9][10] Issue #69 of Forrest J Ackerman's Famous Monsters of Filmland featured a dedication to Pugmire in his 'Count Pugsly' guise.[10][11] In the documentary film The AckerMonster Chronicles!, Pugmire described how he was influenced by Ackerman's magazine and showed the audience the issue in which his photo appeared.[12]

Following one year in college,[13] he served as a Mormon missionary in Omagh, Northern Ireland for eighteen months, where he corresponded with horror writer Robert Bloch and first began writing fiction.[6][14] It was also in Northern Ireland that Pugmire discovered a paperback of Lovecraft's stories and was immediately captivated.[15]

After returning from his Mormon mission in 1973, Pugmire came out as gay to the church, was given psychiatric treatment, and requested excommunication, which lasted for about 25 years.[6][16] In the early 2000s, he reconnected with the church and was rebaptized, telling the church's leadership that he would be a "totally queer Mormon, but celibate."[6][17]

For many years Pugmire worked various jobs in cafés owned by old-time punk rockers, who would let him "dress in my Boy George makeup and mini-skirts as I bussed tables and washed dishes."[18] In March 1995, Pugmire's long-time lover, Todd, died in his arms from a heroin overdose.[19] In the early 2000s he became the live-in caregiver for his mother, who was an invalid due to epilepsy and dementia.[18]

Pugmire described himself as an eccentric recluse, "the Queen of Eldritch Horror," and a "punk rock queen and street transvestite".[2][20][18]

In 2011, Pugmire nearly died from congestive heart failure.[18] While Pugmire recovered after being hospitalized, these medical issues slowed down his writing. He continued to suffer from heart issues in the following years and, after treatment in a cardiac unit, died in his home in Seattle on March 26, 2019,[21][15] prompting numerous eulogies and career retrospectives.[22][23][24][25][26]

Writing[edit]

Pugmire first began writing fiction during his Mormon mission in Northern Ireland,[6][17] but grew discouraged with his work and stopped until the mid-80s.[27] Returning to Seattle, he became a figure in the local punk rock scene and launched an influential zine, Punk Lust, in April 1981.[18][8][28][29] Called "one of the more interesting characters in the history of early 1980s punk," Pugmire filled the zine with his own gothic and grotesque drawings.[7] His zine also published letters, including a number of them written by Mark Arm.[7]

"Punk has shown me that I should be angry," Pugmire later wrote, "and that I can express my anger in the way I look, as well as the way I think."[7]

Pugmire's time in Ireland led him to discover the works of H. P. Lovecraft,[16][30] and eventually Henry James, Oscar Wilde, and Lovecraft would become his strongest literary influences.[27][31] Many of Pugmire's stories directly reference "Lovecraftian" elements (especially Nyarlathotep).[16][32] A self-described "obsessed writer of Lovecraft horror",[33] his stated goal was to "dwell forevermore within Lovecraft's titan shadow",[16][34] claiming that "being Lovecraftian is my identity as an artist".[14] Pugmire was quoted in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer as saying that his writing was "a form of personal exorcism".[35][36]

When Pugmire visited Lovecraft's birthplace of Providence, Rhode Island, "he walked the streets from College Hill to Federal Hill with a diary in hand, scratching impressions as he went." Pugmire used these notes in his book Bohemians of Sesqua Valley.[37]

Pugmire set many of his stories in the Sesqua Valley, a fictional location in the Pacific Northwest of the United States which for him served the same purpose as the fictional Arkham / Dunwich / Innsmouth nexus did for Lovecraft, or the Severn Valley for Ramsey Campbell.[31][32][38]

Critical response[edit]

Pugmire's writings have been described as a "love letter to Lovecraft" around which he constructed his own universe.[39] Pugmire's fiction has also been described as embracing the gothic with a modern sensibility,[40] not as a look or a style but as "an idea that cut against the naive American faith that the past was absolutely past."[7]

Editor and scholar Scott Connors has written that, stylistically, Pugmire "owes as much to Oscar Wilde and Henry James as to HPL and Poe, creating a truly unholy fusion that defies academic boundaries between 'mainstream' and 'genre' fiction."[41] Writing for Weird Fiction Review, Bobby Derie stated that Pugmire "wrote Lovecraftian fiction without the formulaic trappings of the mythos, wrapped in a sensuous prose and characters with easy, fluid sexuality".[42] Issue 28 of The Lovecraft eZine was devoted to Pugmire—"one of our greatest Lovecraftian writers"—with tributes from S. T. Joshi, Joseph S. Pulver Sr., and others; in it, Lovecraftian author and editor Robert M. Price described Pugmire as "the Oscar Wilde of our time ... the most revered and beloved figure in the Lovecraftian movement today."[34] Author Laird Barron listed him as one of "the best contemporary horror/weird fiction" small-press authors,[43] and a writer who "puts forth a new baroque masterpiece every other year".[44] Nick Mamatas, in a 2009 interview, stated that Pugmire and Thomas Ligotti were "the best Lovecraftians today".[30] Lovecraftian writers Mike Davis and Will Hart both called Pugmire "the world's greatest living Lovecraftian writer."[45] Silvia Moreno-Garcia, in a Washington Post review article, spoke of Pugmire's "decadent, lush prose".[46]

S. T. Joshi described Pugmire's writing style as "richly evocative",[47] writing in his scholarly analysis of Cthulhu Mythos fiction, The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos, that Pugmire's work contains "some of the richest veins of neo-Lovecraftian horror seen in recent years."[48] However, Joshi has been more critical of Pugmire's nonfiction writing, proclaiming "no one takes him seriously as a critic."[49]

Asimov's Science Fiction magazine, in their review of Sesqua Valley and Other Haunts, stated that "Pugmire's devotion to his sources transcends mere pastiche, and his style is neither overwrought nor too sparse."[50] Publishers Weekly, reviewing Uncommon Places: A Collection of Exquisites, said that readers "with an appetite for the weird and the decadent will find Pugmire's work a rich confection."[51] The site's review of Monstrous Aftermath: Stories in the Lovecraft Tradition, stated that "horror fans fond of baroque prose" should enjoy the collection, noting "a knack for injecting gallows humor", but adding that those "looking for memorable plots and vivid characterizations ... will have to look elsewhere."[52] Fantasy Magazine's review of The Weird Inhabitants of Sesqua Valley, while observing "the love-it-or-hate-it nature of even the best Lovecraftian style", noted that there were "many pleasures to be had" in the collection of "surprisingly humanistic" tales.[53] The New York Review of Science Fiction's review of The Tangled Muse stated that Pugmire's writing revealed "a mastery of language and vocabulary that brings to mind the work of Clark Ashton Smith", noting a "distinct homoerotic theme or undercurrent that is neither gratuitous nor inconsistent but rather genuine and often central to characterization and storytelling."[54]

Bibliography[edit]

Originally published mainly in fanzines and small press magazines,[55][56] Pugmire produced a steady stream of book collections beginning in 1997. Centipede Press published two major retrospectives of his work: The Tangled Muse in October 2010,[54][57] and An Ecstasy of Fear in June 2019.[58] Earlier stories were often rewritten substantially by Pugmire if republished (notably in Weird Inhabitants of Sesqua Valley and The Tangled Muse).[30]

Short fiction and poetry collections[edit]

  • Tales of Sesqua Valley (1997, Necropolitan Press)
  • Dreams of Lovecraftian Horror (1999, Mythos Books, ISBN 978-0-9659433-4-5)
  • Songs of Sesqua Valley (2000, Imelod Publications; collection of sonnets). Note: Although this volume was announced, and the poems appeared in Imelod magazine, the standalone volume did not appear. Pugmire dropped some poems and added new ones when he printed the poetic sequence in Sesqua Valley and Other Haunts (2008).
  • Tales of Love and Death (2001, Delirium Books, ISBN 978-1-929653-15-7)
  • A Clicking in the Shadows and Other Tales (2002, Undaunted Press; with Chad Hensley)
  • Sesqua Valley and Other Haunts (2003, Delirium Books; 2008 Mythos Books paperback reprint contains three new stories). The volume also contains "Songs from Sesqua Valley", a sequence of 33 sonnets by Pugmire, most of which had previously appeared in a Canadian small press magazine, Imelod.
  • The Fungal Stain and Other Dreams (2006, Hippocampus Press, ISBN 978-0-9771734-3-3)
  • Weird Inhabitants of Sesqua Valley (2009, Terradan Works, ISBN 978-1-4486-9954-4)
  • The Tangled Muse (2010, Centipede Press, ISBN 978-1-933618-78-4)
  • Gathered Dust and Others (2011, Dark Regions Press, ISBN 978-1937128098)
  • Some Unknown Gulf of Night (2011, Arcane Wisdom Press, ISBN 978-1935006114)
  • The Strange Dark One: Tales of Nyarlathotep (2012, Miskatonic River Press, ISBN 978-0-9821818-9-8)
  • Uncommon Places: A Collection of Exquisites (2012, Hippocampus Press, ISBN 978-1-61498-023-0; prose-poetry collection)
  • Encounters with Enoch Coffin (2013, Dark Regions Press, ISBN 978-1-62641-000-8; with Jeffrey Thomas)
  • Bohemians of Sesqua Valley (2013, Arcane Wisdom Press)
  • The Revenant of Rebecca Pascal (2014, Dark Renaissance Books, ISBN 978-1-937128-83-8; novel; with David Barker)
  • These Black Winged Ones (2014, Myth Ink Books)
  • In the Gulfs of Dreams and Other Lovecraftian Tales (2015, Dark Renaissance Books, ISBN 978-1-937128-49-4; with David Barker)
  • Monstrous Aftermath: Stories in the Lovecraftian Tradition (2015, Hippocampus Press, ISBN 978-1-61498-133-6)
  • An Ecstasy of Fear (2019, Centipede Press, ISBN 978-1-61347-085-5)
  • An Imp of Aether (2019, Hippocampus Press, ISBN 978-1-61498-276-0)

Novel[edit]

Selected anthology and magazine appearances[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Summation 2003: Horror" by Ellen Datlow, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror: Seventeenth Annual Collection edited by Ellen Datlow, Kelly Link, and Garvin J. Grant, St. Martins, 2003, page lx.
  2. ^ a b "Wilum Pugmire". Centipede Press. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  3. ^ Pugmire, W. H. (2011). The Tangled Muse. Foreword by S. T. Joshi. Centipede Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-933618-78-4.
  4. ^ Joshi, S. T. (2010). I Am Providence: The Life and Times of H. P. Lovecraft. Hippocampus Press. p. 1043. ISBN 978-0-9824296-7-9.
  5. ^ Thomas, Jeffrey (26 February 2009), "An Interview with W. H. Pugmire", Punktalk, archived from the original on 13 August 2018, retrieved 31 January 2021, My best friend in high school was Jewish, and that began a Jewish identification. Later I learned that I AM Jewish on my mom's side of the family.
  6. ^ a b c d e Jepson, Theric (4 February 2010). "Latter-day Saint, Latter-day Lovecraft: an interview with W.H. Pugmire". A Motley Vision. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d e f We're Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America by Kevin Mattson, Oxford University Press, 2020, pages 45-6.
  8. ^ a b "Notes: The Hag's Head of Angel Street," The Mysterious Doom and Other Ghostly Tales of the Pacific Northwest by Jessica Amanda Salmonson, Sasquatch Books, 1992, page 197.
  9. ^ Humphrey, Clark (2006). Vanishing Seattle. Arcadia Publishing. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-7385-4869-2.
  10. ^ a b Pugmire, W. H. (30 November 2012). "Remembering Count Pugsly". A View from Sesqua Valley. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  11. ^ Famous Monsters of Filmland, September 1970, p. 4
  12. ^ Brock, Jason V (Director) (2012). The AckerMonster Chronicles! (Documentary). USA: JaSunni Productions, LLC.
  13. ^ Pugmire, W. H. (5 April 2012). "Happy Birthday, Bho Blok". A View from Sesqua Valley. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  14. ^ a b Cushing, Nicole (11 May 2012). ""…Fiction that is Audaciously One's Own": An Interview with W.H. Pugmire". Litggressive. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  15. ^ a b Joshi, S. T. (31 March 2019). "My Friend, Wilum Pugmire". stjoshi.org. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d "Love For The Craft: The Weird Tales Of W.H. Pugmire". The Monarch Review. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  17. ^ a b "Latter-day Saint, Latter-day Lovecraft: an interview with W.H. Pugmire" by Theric Jepson, A Motley Vision, 4 February 2010.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Interview: W.H. Pugmire" by Nick Mamatas, Icarus 13: The Magazine of Gay Speculative Fiction, issue 13, summer 2012, Lethe Press, pages 37-40.
  19. ^ Powers-Douglas, Miranda (2005). Cemetery Walk. AuthorHouse. pp. 114–15. ISBN 978-1-4208-6826-5.
  20. ^ "Biographical Material", in The Fungal Stain and Other Dreams by W. H. Pugmire (New York: Hippocampus Press, 2006) ISBN 0-9771734-3-7.
  21. ^ "Pugmire, W.H.," Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2019 by Harris M. Lentz III, McFarland, 2020, page 335.
  22. ^ "W.H. Pugmire (1951–2019)". Locus. 27 March 2019.
  23. ^ Derie, Bobby (27 March 2019). "Editor Spotlight: W. H. Pugmire". Deep Cuts in a Lovecraftian Vein. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  24. ^ Kramer, Bret (1 April 2019). "WH Pugmire, 1951-2019". Sentinel Hill Press. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  25. ^ Davis, Mike (8 April 2019). "In memory of our friend W.H. Pugmire: video and audio interviews, and more". Lovecraft eZine. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  26. ^ Nyfors, A.R. (May 2019). "In Memory Of Seattle Horror Writer, Magazine Editor Wilum Pugmire". www.punkglobe.com. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  27. ^ a b Eden, Deirdra A. (22 July 2011). "Interview with Author W. H. Pugmire". A Storybook World. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  28. ^ American Hardcore: A Tribal History (Second Edition) by Steven Blush, Feral House, 2010, page 306.
  29. ^ Hamlin, Andrew (26 January 2016). "Punk snot dead". The Seattle Review of Books. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  30. ^ a b c Mamatas, Nick (21 December 2009). "Wilum Hopfrog Pugmire, The Interview". Livejournal. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  31. ^ a b Hoenigman, David (15 March 2012). "An Interview With Wilum Hopfrog Pugmire by David Hoenigman". The Bailer. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  32. ^ a b Steele, Justin (3 January 2013). "Interview: W.H. Pugmire". The Arkham Digest. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  33. ^ Pugmire, W. H. (12 June 2013). "The H Word: Lovecraftian Horror". Nightmare Magazine. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  34. ^ a b "Issue #28 – December 2013". The Lovecraft eZine. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  35. ^ Bartley, Nancy (30 October 1988). "Ghost Writers – Seattle's Horror-Fiction Authors Find Our Region's Gloomy Days Nourish Their Creative Spirits". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. p. K1.
  36. ^ Joshi, S. T. (6 April 2019). "More on Wilum, and Other Matters". stjoshi.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  37. ^ "Have You Met H.P.? NecronomiCon Providence resurrects Lovecraft" by Philip Eil, The Providence Phoenix, August 23-29, 2013, page 9.
  38. ^ Draa, Douglas (26 November 2013). "The WEIRD Bookshelf: An Interview with Wilum "Hopfrog" Pugmire". Weird Tales. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  39. ^ "A Fine Tribute to the Godfather of Weird Literature: The Mammoth Book of Cthulhu, edited by Paula Guran" by Damien Moore, Black Gate, August 31, 2016.
  40. ^ "Review of Bohemians of Sesqua Valley" by Wayne Edwards, Cemetery Dance Magazine, issue 47, 2003, page 103.
  41. ^ Connors, Scott (Fall 2011). "A Kinship with Monsters: Review of The Tangled Muse by W. H. Pugmire". Dead Reckonings. 1 (10). New York: Hippocampus Press: 24–26. ISSN 1935-6110.
  42. ^ Derie, Bobby (15 September 2014). "A Brief History of Sex in Weird Fiction". Weird Fiction Review. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  43. ^ Barron, Laird (12 March 2017). "Authors to Read (Part II)". Laird Barron. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  44. ^ Barron, Laird (21 December 2017). "The Black Barony 1". Laird Barron. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  45. ^ "Update on W.H. Pugmire" by Mike Davis. The Lovecraft Ezine. November 26, 2011. Accessed October 10, 2021.
  46. ^ Moreno-Garcia, Silvia; Tidhar, Lavie (13 January 2021). "Let's talk about fantasy and science fiction books that have fallen off the radar". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  47. ^ Joshi, S. T. (2007). Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopedia of Our Worst Nightmares. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-313-33781-9.
  48. ^ Joshi, S. T. (2008). The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos. Poplar Bluff, MO: Mythos Press. p. 268. ISBN 9780978991180.
  49. ^ Joshi, S. T. "Review of A Look Behind the Derleth Mythos, by John Haefele". Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  50. ^ Di Filippo, Paul (2004). "On Books". Asimov's Science Fiction. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  51. ^ "Uncommon Places: A Collection of Exquisites". Publishers Weekly. 18 June 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  52. ^ "Monstrous Aftermath: Stories in the Lovecraftian Tradition". Publishers Weekly. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  53. ^ Dansky, Richard. "The Weird Inhabitants of Sesqua Valley by W.H. Pugmire". Fantasy Magazine. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  54. ^ a b "Wilum H. Pugmire's The Tangled Muse", by Peter Rawlik, The New York Review of Science Fiction, October 2011, Issue 278, pages 13–14.
  55. ^ Entry for PUGMIRE, WILLIAM “WILUM” H. (1951– ), The Locus Index to Science Fiction: 1984–1998, accessed 5 February 2013.
  56. ^ "Summary Bibliography: W. H. Pugmire". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  57. ^ "The Tangled Muse". Centipede Press. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  58. ^ "An Ecstasy of Fear". Centipede Press. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  59. ^ "Contents Lists: Space and Time, Issues 20-49". The Science Fiction, Fantasy, & Weird Fiction Magazine Index. Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  60. ^ Sammons, Brian M. (10 May 2016). "Interview with author W.H. Pugmire by Brian M. Sammons". Dark Regions Press. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  61. ^ "Publication: The Year's Best Horror Stories: XV". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. 1 March 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  62. ^ "Publication: Tales by Moonlight II". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  63. ^ "Publication: The Year's Best Horror Stories: XVIII". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  64. ^ "Publication: Love in Vein: Twenty Original Tales of Vampiric Erotica". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  65. ^ "Publication: The Darker Side: Generations of Horror". Internet Speculative Fiction Database. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  66. ^ The Children of Cthulhu. Retrieved 17 April 2019. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  67. ^ "Locus Online: New Magazines, early April 2008". Locus. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  68. ^ "Black Wings of Cthulhu (Volume One)". Titan Books. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  69. ^ "The Book of Cthulhu: About the Authors". The Book of Cthulhu. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  70. ^ "New Cthulhu: The Recent Weird edited by Paula Guran". Prime Books. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  71. ^ "The Book of Cthulhu II: About the Authors". The Book of Cthulhu. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  72. ^ "Final ToC of the Year's Best Weird Fiction, Volume One". Laird Barron. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  73. ^ "Black Wings IV [eBook] Edited by S. T. Joshi". PS Publishing. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  74. ^ "That is Not Dead [Hardcover] edited by Darrell Schweitzer". PS Publishing. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  75. ^ "New Cthulhu 2: More Recent Weird edited by Paula Guran". Prime Books. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  76. ^ "Cthulhu Fhtagn!". Word Horde. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  77. ^ "Innsmouth Nightmares - Table of Contents". www.loisgresh.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  78. ^ "The Mammoth Book of Cthulhu edited by Paula Guran". Paula Guran. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  79. ^ "Black Wings V [eBook] Edited by S. T. Joshi". PS Publishing. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  80. ^ "Nightmare's Realm: New Tales of the Weird and Fantastic". Dark Regions Press. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  81. ^ "Black Wings VI [eBook] Edited by S. T. Joshi". PS Publishing. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  82. ^ "Weirdbook #38". Wildside Press. Retrieved 15 November 2020.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to W. H. Pugmire.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._H._Pugmire&oldid=1218222010"