2023–2024 transport strikes in the Philippines

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2023-2024 transport strikes in the Philippines
Part of protests against the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program and Bongbong Marcos
No to jeepney phaseout mobilization, Quezon City, March 6, 2023
Students of the University of the Philippines Diliman and other protesters express solidarity with the striking jeepney drivers, Quezon City, March 6, 2023
DateMarch strike
March 6–7, 2023
(2 days)
October strike
October 16
(6 months, 1 week and 5 days)
November strike
November 20–25
(6 days)
December strike
December 14–present
(4 months and 2 weeks)
Location
Philippines
Caused byGovernment's plan to phase out jeepneys over 15 years old, directive for operators to form cooperatives
MethodsProtest, strike action
Parties
  • Anti-PUVMP Public transport groups
Lead figures
  • Mar Valbuena (Manibela)
  • Mody Floranda (PISTON)

The 2023-2024 transport strikes in the Philippines are a series of strikes by operators of traditional public jeepneys and minivans held in various cities across the Philippines to protest against the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program.[1] Three strikes were held in March, July (later canceled), October and November 2023.

Strike organizers later revealed that the administration had agreed to delay the implementation of the program to December 31, 2023, and to use the intervening months to review all the aspects of the program implementation, taking the concerns of drivers and operators into account.[2]

Background[edit]

Further information: Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program

Organizers of the strike are protesting against the Philippine government's Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program, which intends to phase out dilapidated and old or traditional jeepneys and utility vans meant for public transport. Traditional jeepneys are a legacy of World War II, with designs not changing much apart from the addition of secondhand engines from Japanese manufacturers. There was no mandatory retirement age for commercial vehicles in the Philippines.[3][4]

The modernization program was launched in 2017 and is mainly implemented by the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). It is aimed to replace public utility vehicles (PUVs), including jeepneys and buses that are at least 15 years old with newer models that are more eco-friendly within the next three years. Though reportedly in practice, this covered all traditional jeepneys.[4]

The strike organizers' main goal is to have the government increase the subsidy of ₱200,000 to enable them to purchase new utility vehicles. The government also has urged operators to form cooperatives for them to have a better borrowing capacity but critics said that this is still insufficient.[4] This proposal was made through LTFRB's memorandum circular 2023-013, which also suspends provisional authority for operators who fail to comply.[5]

Participants[edit]

The strike is led by Manibela, a group of public transport group that claims to represent 40,000 drivers. They are aiming to halt the planned phaseout of PUVs originally set on June 30, 2023.[4] They are joined by the United Transport Federation[6] and Laban TNVS (under the No to PUV Phaseout Coalition),[7] and are supported by commuter group PARA - Advocates for Inclusive Transport.[8]

The LTFRB on their part says they are not pressured, claiming that 90 percent of transport groups support the modernization program. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) claims that eight groups will not participate: Pinagkaisang Samahan ng mga Tsuper at Operators Nationwide (Piston), Federation of Jeepney Operators and Drivers Association of the Philippines (Fejodap), UV Express group, Association of Concerned Transport Organizations (Acto), Pasang Masda, Liga ng Transportasyon at Operators sa Pilipinas (LTOP), Alliance of Transport Operators and Drivers Association of the Philippines (Altodap), and Northern Mindanao Federation of Transport Service Cooperative (Nomfedtrasco).[4] Piston later decided to join.[9]

Mobilization at Katipunan Avenue, Quezon City.

Locations[edit]

Goals[edit]

Organizers urged for the cancellation of LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 2023-013, which mandates operators to join a cooperative before they could engage with the LTFRB for dialogue.[5]

The protesters contend that franchise consolidation and the requirement to join cooperatives will raise transport costs and force thousands of drivers and operators out of their jobs.[10] Transport and consumer groups argued in a petition to the Philippine Supreme Court that the requirement undermines property rights, unjustly singles out jeepneys, coerces them to join a group and impinges on their constitutional right to free association, and forces drivers to lose their small enterprises.[10][11]

Strikes[edit]

March 6–7[edit]

The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan was allowed to organize protests at Mendiola, Manila in parallel and support of the transport strike by the Manila Police District.[12]

Jeepneys on strike, caravan to Mendiola.

The government has downplayed the impact of the strike. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority claims that the strike failed to paralyze commuters in Metro Manila.[13] According to Piston, the majority of jeepneys and UV Express services along nine locales in Metro Manila and Calabarzon had ceased operations to participate in the strike.[14]

Affected inter routes include:

Affected intra routes include:

Mobilization at Mendiola, Manila.

However, according to the LTFRB, only 10 percent of routes in Metro Manila and 5 percent of routes nationwide were affected by the strike, asserting that these gaps were addressed by the free rides provided by the government.[14][15]

Although Manibela and Piston considered the first day of the strike as a success because a lot of would-be commuters, including students who attended classes which were held online in anticipation of the protest action, decided to not go out to the streets,[16] Manibela and Piston continued their strike on March 7, vowing to continue until the modernization program is completely put to a halt.[17]

July 24[edit]

Manibela was originally slated to hold a three-day strike from July 24 to 26, with the first day coinciding with the second State of the Nation Address of President Bongbong Marcos.[18] However, in light of the heavy rains and Typhoon Doksuri (Egay), Manibela suspended the strike, citing the commuters' call for adequate transportation.[19]

October 16[edit]

Manibela announced a nationwide transport strike beginning October 16. The group aims to urge the government to take action on the alleged corruption of the LTFRB. About 240,000 traditional jeepney operators are expected to join the strike. The duration of the strike is yet to be disclosed.[20]

November 20–25[edit]

Since November 20, 2023, PISTON holds a 3-day transport trike set to end on November 22.[21] However, Manibela also announced a 3-day nationwide transport strike beginning November 22. At least 200,000 traditional jeepney operators are expected to join the strike.[22]

December 12[edit]

A Pro-PUMVP group, United Transport Consolidated Entities of the Philippines, held a rally against transport strikes by PISTON and Manibela, opposition to the deadline extension, and to support the 2024 budget and PUVMP. At least 400 PUV operators and drivers have joined the rally.[23]

January 16 strike, barricading Welcome Rotonda, Quezon City

December 14–January[edit]

On December 11, 2023, PISTON and its allies announced a two-day nationwide transport strike that will be held on December 14 and 15, 2023. The groups are protesting the December 31, 2023 deadline set by the LTFRB for transport franchise consolidation.[24] A day later, PISTON also announced that the strike will continue, despite Bongbong Marcos' announcement that there will be no extension for franchise consolidation.[25] The group claimed a 90% paralysis rate on major routes inside Metro Manila, and a paralysis rate of 85% on routes outside Metro Manila.[26]

After the initial two-day strike led by PISTON, the group, together with Manibela, announced an extension of the transport strikes that might last until January 2024, a move precipitated by the LTFRB's signing of the memorandum circular 2023-051 which effectively bans unconsolidated PUVs to operate beyond December 31, 2023.[27]

February[edit]

On 2024 February 7, Manibela protested in front of the Ombudsman of the Philippines and sued several members of DOTr, LTFRB, the Office of Transportation Cooperatives (OTC), and the Office of the Solicitor General. Manibela claims that the members in question were violating Section 3, Paragraph (e) of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (Republic Act No. 3019) and Section 4 of the Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees (RA No. 6713).[28]

Response[edit]

National government[edit]

President Bongbong Marcos urged transport groups to reconsider the March 2023 strikes, appealing to their potential impact on commuters. He said that the modernization program is a must but expressed apprehension about the program's immediate implementation. He acknowledged the need to engage in dialogue to tweak the program's implementation to reduce the financial burden of the operators. He has proposed alternatives to its implementation such as allowing old utility vehicles that pass an inspection to continue operating.[29] The LTFRB would move the deadline of phaseout from June 30, 2023, to December 31, 2023.[30]

The Department of Education (DepEd) announced that there would be no suspension of classes during the March 2023 strikes but said that those who are not able to attend physically should be allowed to "continue to learn through Alternative Delivery Modes". Select universities in Metro Manila have announced a shift to online classes for the duration of the strike.[31] However, on July 24, which was supposed to be the first day of the second strike, President Marcos suspended classes in public schools and government work due to the strike as well as inclement weather caused by Typhoon Doksuri (Egay).[32]

Local governments[edit]

All mayors of localities of Metro Manila and the MMDA have pledged to provide free rides to commuters who would be affected by the March 2023 strike.[33]

Aftermath[edit]

Following a meeting with the Presidential Communications Office at Malacañang Palace on March 7, PISTON and Manibela declared an end to the strike. They announced the resumption of regular operations for its drivers starting the following day. The strike ended five days than the originally planned date of March 12.[34]

Manibela chairperson Mar Valbuena later revealed on the evening of March 7 that the administration had agreed to delay the implementation of the program to December 31, 2023, and to use the intervening months to review all the aspects of the program implementation, taking the concerns of drivers, operators, and other stakeholders into account.[2]

The Supreme Court of the Philippines in a 20-page decision dated July 11, 2023, but promulgated on March 4, 2024, dismissed Bayyo Association Inc. and transport groups petition to nullify the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program provisions that compel jeepney drivers and operators to replace their traditional units with modern ones. The ponente Maria Filomena Singh ruled: “In view of the petitioners' lack of legal standing and their disregard of the doctrine of hierarchy of courts, the Court will not delve into the merits of the substantive arguments raised.” It however did not rule on the constitutionality of paragraph 5.2 of DoTr Order No. 2017-011 which mandates transport cooperatives to “modernize” and replace their old units with “brand new and environmentally-friendly units.”[35]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Jeepney drivers kick off transport strike vs. phaseout". Bulatlat. March 6, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Transport groups end nationwide strike after dialogue with Palace". Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Baroña, Franco Jose (March 3, 2023). "Transport strike to push through". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e Hilotin, Jay (March 3, 2023). "Philippines: Why 'jeepney' drivers declared a weeklong strike". Gulf News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Scrap LTFRB memo and we'll talk, group says amid planned weeklong transpo strike". Manila Bulletin. March 3, 2023. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  6. ^ Tamayo, Bernadette (March 2, 2023). "Transport strike to affect 300K commuters in Metro Manila". The Manila Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  7. ^ Relativo, James (March 4, 2023). "Marcos urged: Issue EO vs jeepney, UV Express phaseout now". Philippine Star. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  8. ^ Relativo, James. "Commuter group stands with March 6 transport strike vs PUV phaseout". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  9. ^ Reyes, Dempsey (March 5, 2023). "Piston to join jeepney strike: Delaying phaseout not enough". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Fears of losing livelihoods mount as Manila's jeepney drivers protest phase-out of iconic vehicles". CNA. December 28, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  11. ^ Palatino, Mong (January 2, 2024). "Filipino Jeepney Drivers Make Last Stand". The Diplomat. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  12. ^ Manila, Radyoman (March 6, 2023). "Ilang mga militanteng grupo, pinayagang magkilos-protesta sa Mendiola kasabay ng ikinakasang transport strike - RMN Networks". RMN Networks.
  13. ^ "Transport strike fails to paralyze Metro Manila -MMDA". Philippine Information Agency. March 7, 2023.
  14. ^ a b "PISTON: Transport strike paralyzes some jeepney routes in Metro Manila". The Philippine STAR.
  15. ^ Dela Cruz, Raymond Carl (March 7, 2023). "Jeepney ops in NCR back to normal on 2nd day of strike". Philippine News Agency.
  16. ^ "Organizer of transport strike claims success; MMDA disagrees". March 8, 2023.
  17. ^ "Transport groups push through with Day 2 of week-long strike vs. PUV modernization". March 7, 2023.
  18. ^ Sarao, Zacarian (July 18, 2023). "Major transpo groups not joining strike on July 24; LTFRB to impose sanctions". Inquirer. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  19. ^ "Manibela temporarily suspends strike, cites commuters' call for transport amid heavy rains". CNN Philippines. July 24, 2023. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  20. ^ Cabato, Luisa (October 9, 2023). "Transport group to conduct nationwide transport strike starting October 16". Inquirer. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  21. ^ Yu, Lance Spencer (November 19, 2023). "PISTON to stage transport strike starting November 20". Rappler. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  22. ^ "Manibela announces three-day strike from Nov. 22 to 24". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  23. ^ "400 PUV groups march in support of modernization program". GMA Integrated News. December 12, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  24. ^ "PISTON sets two-day transport strike on Dec. 14-15". GMA News. December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
  25. ^ Legaspi, Zeus (December 12, 2023). "Piston to continue December 14 transport strike despite BBM's 'no extension' order". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  26. ^ Relativo, James (December 15, 2023). "'90% paralysis' sa NCR nakamit sa unang araw ng PISTON tigil-pasada". Pilipino Star Ngayon (in Filipino). Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  27. ^ Relativo, James (December 15, 2023). "Transport strike 'until New Year' set vs 2024 prohibition on unconsolidated jeepneys". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
  28. ^ Cabato, Luisa (February 7, 2024). "Manibela files complaints vs gov't agencies over PUV modernization". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  29. ^ Galvez, Daphne (March 1, 2023). "Marcos Jr. asks transport groups to rethink planned week-long strike". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.z
  30. ^ Recuenco, Aaron (March 1, 2023). "LTFRB blinks, extends deadline of PUV modernization consolidation to Dec. 31". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  31. ^ "DepEd: No suspension of classes due to transport strike". The Philippine Star. March 3, 2023. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  32. ^ Cordero, Ted (July 22, 2023). "Marcos suspends classes, gov't work in NCR on July 24 due to Egay, transport strike". GMA Integrated News. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  33. ^ Flores, Helen (March 4, 2023). "Free rides to be provided during strike". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  34. ^ Locus, Sundy (March 7, 2023). "Transport strike ends after PISTON, Manibela meeting in Palace". GMA News. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  35. ^ Laqui, Ian (March 6, 2024). "SC junks petition vs PUVMP order due to procedural issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
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