Baṛī ye
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| Baṛī ye بَڑی يے | |
|---|---|
| ے | |
| ۓ | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Arabic abjad Urdu alphabet Shahmukhi (Punjabi) Saraiki alphabet Kashmiri alphabet Burushaski alphabet Khowar alphabet |
| Type | Abjad Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Urdu |
| Phonetic usage | /eː/ /ɛː/ /eɪ/ |
| Unicode codepoint | U+06D2 |
| Alphabetical position | 38 |
| History | |
| Development | |
| Time period | ~1200 to present |
| Descendants | ◌ެ [a] |
| Sisters | ی ي ێ ې ۍ ئ ٸ ؠ ؾ ؿ |
| Transliteration equivalents | Ē Ai (digraph) Ei (digraph) |
| Variations | ۓ |
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Right-to-left |
| Urdu alphabet |
|---|
| ا (آ) ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن (ں) و ہ (ھ) ء ی ے |
|
Extended Perso-Arabic script |
Baṛī ye (Urdu: بَڑی يے, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈbəɽiː ˈjeː]; lit. "greater ye") is a letter in the Urdu alphabet (and other Indo-Iranian language alphabets based on it) directly based on the alternative "returned" variant of the final form of the Arabic letter ye/yāʾ (known as yāʾ mardūda) found in the Hijazi, Kufic, Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq scripts.[1] It functions as the word-final yā-'e-majhūl ([eː]) and yā-'e-sākin ([ɛː]).[2][obsolete source] It is distinguished from the "choṭī ye (چھوٹی يے; "lesser ye")", which is the regular Perso-Arabic yāʾ (ی) used elsewhere. In Punjabi, where it is a part of the Shahmukhi alphabet, it is called waḍḍī ye (Punjabi: وَڈّی یے) with the Gurmukhi equivalent ਏ.[citation needed]
It is also used in the Pakistani Pashto alphabet,[citation needed] with the Afghani equivalent being ی.[citation needed]
Forms[edit]
Baṛī ye is written multiple ways depending on its position:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
ے | ـے | ـے | ے |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ے | ــــے | ــــے | ے |
There are also medial (ـیـ) and initial (یـ) forms, but they are not encoded on Unicode[citation needed] and are generally represented by the regular ye.
In Balochi, baṛī ye has the forms ⟨ࢩـ ـࢩـ ـے ے⟩.
Diacritical variants[edit]
In Urdu, only the hamza can be applied to baṛī ye:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
ۓ | ـۓ | ـۓ | ۓ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ۓ | ــــۓ | ــــۓ | ۓ |
In Kashmiri, there is a letter that is visually a baṛī ye with a small v sign above, known as the nīmü yāyūk:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
ےٚ | ـےٚ | ـےٚـ | ےٚـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ےٚ | ــــےٚ | ــــےٚــــ | ےٚــــ |
Burushaski[edit]
In Burushaski, there are 3 baṛī ye's: ے, ݺ, and ݻ.
One of the additional letters is a baṛī ye with the Arabic–Indic digit 2 (۲).
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
ݺ | ـݺ | ـݺـ | ݺـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ݺ | ــــݺ | ــــݺــــ | ݺــــ |
It is used to represent the short vowel /e/.
Another letter has a 3 (۳) above it. Unlike ݺ, which represents a shorter sound than the regular baṛī ye, it represents the same long vowel (/eː/) but with primary stress (e.g. /ˈeː/).
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naskh glyph form: (Help) |
ݻ | ـݻ | ـݻـ | ݻـ |
| Nastaʿlīq glyph form: | ݻ | ــــݻ | ــــݻــــ | ݻــــ |
Character encoding[edit]
| Preview | ے | |
|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE | |
| Encodings | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 1746 | U+06D2 |
| UTF-8 | 219 146 | DB 92 |
| Numeric character reference | ے |
ے |
Notes[edit]
- ^ Thaana vowel ebefili; thought to be derived from baṛī ye based on visual and phonetic similarities.[citation needed]
References[edit]
- ^ Gacek, Adam (2009). Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-474-4303-2.
- ^ Shakespeare, John (1818). A Grammar of the Hindustani Language. author. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
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