Duke of Silesia
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The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.
At the beginning of the 14th century, fourteen independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.
Duchy of Silesia[edit]
The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wrocław/Lower Silesia.
Partitions of Silesia[edit]
In 1173 Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This led to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.
Lower Silesia[edit]
Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172–1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248. The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.
Upper Silesia[edit]
Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, and Opole-Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.
Piast Dukes of Silesia[edit]
Partitions of Polish Silesia under Piast dynasty[edit]
Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:
Duchy of Silesia (1138–1163) | |||||||||||||
Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia) (1st creation) (1163–1282) | |||||||||||||
Wrocław (Lower Silesia) (1163–1335) |
Legnica (1st creation) (1241–1449) |
Opole (1282–1521)[1] |
Bytom (1282–1357) |
Racibórz (1282–1340) |
|||||||||
Głogów (1st creation) (1274–1331) |
Oleśnica (1312–1492) |
Żagań (1309–1504) |
Świdnica-Jawor[2] (1274–1392) |
Ziębice (1312–1442) |
Oświęcim (1315–1457) and Zator (1445-1513)[3] | ||||||||
Annexed to Bohemia (1331-49)[4] | Cieszyn (1281–1653) | ||||||||||||
Annexed to Bohemia | Shared inheritance of Żagań (1349-1480), with Swidnica-Jawor (1349-68), Bohemia (1368-84) and Cieszyn (1384-1480); full inheritance with Żagań (1480-88) | Annexed to Bohemia Recovered by Opole (1521) | |||||||||||
Lubin (1342–1446) |
Brzeg [5](1st creation) (1342–1450) |
Shared inheritance of Oleśnica (1357-1498) with Cieszyn (1357-1459); Full inheritance with Oleśnica (1459-98); Recovered by Opole | |||||||||||
Annexed to Bohemia | |||||||||||||
Part of Głogów (1446–82) | Annexed to Bohemia | Annexed to Opole | Annexed to Bohemia | ||||||||||
Annexed to Poland (1488) | |||||||||||||
Annexed to Bohemia | Legnica[6] (2nd creation) (1454–1672) |
Brzeg[7] (2nd creation) (1488–1672) |
|||||||||||
Annexed to Saxony | Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia) (2nd creation) (1521–1532) |
Annexed to Poland | |||||||||||
Annexed to Ansbach | |||||||||||||
Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire | Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire |
A quick reminder avoiding confusion:
Lower Silesia | Upper Silesia |
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|
Table of rulers[edit]
Ruler | Born | Reign | Ruling part | Consort | Death | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ladislaus (II) the Exile | 1105 First son of Boleslaus III of Poland and Salomea of Berg |
28 October 1138 – 1146 | Duchy of Silesia | Agnes of Austria 1125 five children |
30 May 1159 aged 53-54 |
Also monarch of Poland. Exiled by his half-brothers. | |
Boleslaus (IV) the Curly | 1122 Second son of Boleslaus III of Poland and Salomea of Berg |
1146 – 1163 | Duchy of Silesia | Viacheslava Vsevolodovna of Novgorod 1137 three children Maria c.1170 no children |
5 January 1173 aged 50-51 |
Also Duke of Masovia and monarch of Poland. | |
Boleslaus I the Tall | 1127 First son of Ladislaus II of Poland and Agnes of Austria |
1163 – 8 December 1201 | Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia) |
Zvenislava Vsevolodovna of Kyiv 1142 two children Christina 1157 seven children |
8 December 1201 Wrocław aged 73-74 |
Children of Ladislaus II of Poland, divided their inheritance in Silesia. | |
Mieszko I Tanglefoot | 1130 Second son of Ladislaus II of Poland and Agnes of Austria |
1163 – 6 May 1211 | Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) |
Ludmila c.1175 five children |
6 May 1211 aged 80-81 | ||
Henry I the Bearded | 1165 Głogów Son of Boleslaus I and Christina |
8 December 1201 – 19 March 1238 | Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia) |
Hedwig of Merania 1188 seven children |
19 March 1238 Krosno Odrzańskie aged 72-73 |
Also monarch of Poland. | |
Casimir I | 1179 Son of Mieszko I and Ludmila |
6 May 1211 – 13 May 1230 | Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) |
Viola c.1215 four children |
13 May 1230 aged 50-51 |
||
Regencies of Viola (1230-1233), Henry I, Duke of Wrocław (1233–1238) and Henry II, Duke of Wrocław (1238–1239) | |||||||
Mieszko II the Fat | 1220 First son of Casimir I and Viola |
13 May 1230 – 22 October 1246 | Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) |
Judith of Masovia c.1240 no children |
22 October 1246 aged 25-26 | ||
Hedwig of Merania | 1174 Andechs Son of Boleslaus I and Christina |
19 March 1238 – 15 October 1243 | Duchy of Wrocław (at Niemcza) |
Henry I 1188 seven children |
15 October 1243 Trzebnica Abbey aged 68-69 |
Heirs of Henry I. His widow kept a seat at the town of Niemcza, while his son inherited the main duchy, and was also monarch of Poland. | |
Henry II the Pious | 1196 Son of Henry I and Hedwig of Merania |
19 March 1238 – 9 April 1241 | Duchy of Wrocław (Lower Silesia) |
Anna of Bohemia 1216 ten children |
9 April 1241 Legnickie Pole aged 44-45 | ||
Regency of Anna of Bohemia (1241–1242) | Children of Henry II, ruled initially under regency of their mother, and jointly until 1248, whe they made official the division of their inheritance. | ||||||
Boleslaus II the Bald | 1220 First son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia |
9 April 1241 – 31 December 1278 | Duchy of Legnica | Hedwig of Anhalt 1242 seven children Euphemia of Pomerelia 1261 (annulled 1277) no children Sophia of Dyhrn 1277 (morganatic) no children |
31 December 1278 Legnica aged 57-58 | ||
Henry III the White[8] | 1222 Third son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia |
9 April 1241 – 3 December 1266 | Duchy of Wrocław | Judith of Masovia 2 June 1252 two children Helena of Saxony c.1255/60? no children |
3 December 1266 aged 43-44 | ||
Conrad I[9] | 1228 Fourth son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia |
9 April 1241 – 6 August 1274 | Duchy of Głogów | Salome of Greater Poland 1249 six children Sophie of Landsberg 1271 no children |
6 August 1274 Głogów aged 45-46 | ||
Ladislaus I | 1225 Second son of Casimir I and Viola |
22 October 1246 – 13 September 1282 | Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (Upper Silesia) |
Euphemia of Greater Poland 1251 five children |
13 September 1282 Racibórz aged 56-57 |
In 1282 Opole-Racibórz was divided in various duchies, to the four sons of Władysław. | |
Henry IV the Righteous[10] | 1257 Son of Henry III and Judith of Masovia |
3 December 1266 – 23 June 1290 | Duchy of Wrocław | Constance of Opole March 1280 no children Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel c. 1288 no children |
23 June 1290 Wrocław aged 32-33 |
Also monarch of Poland. Left no descendants, and his portion reverted to his cousin from Legnica. | |
Wroclaw temporarily annexed to Legnica | |||||||
Henry III[8][11] | 1251 First son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland |
6 August 1274 – 9 December 1309 | Duchy of Głogów | Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg March 1291 nine children |
9 December 1309 aged 57-58 |
Children of Conrad I, divided their inheritance. In 1284, the younger brothers exchanged properties, but, as none left descendants, both were reunited with the main duchy of Głogów. | |
Conrad II the Hunchback[12] | 1252 Second son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland |
6 August 1274 – 11 October 1304 | Duchy of Głogów (at Ścinawa until 1284; in Żagań since 1284) |
Unmarried | 11 October 1304 aged 51-52 | ||
Przemko [Premislaus] I[13] | 1255 Third son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland |
6 August 1274 – 26 February 1289 | Duchy of Głogów (at Żagań; in Ścinawa since 1284) |
26 February 1289 aged 33-34 | |||
Zagan and Scinawa remerged in Glogow | |||||||
Henry V the Fat[14] | 1248 First son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt |
31 December 1278 – 22 February 1296 | Duchy of Legnica[15] | Elisabeth of Greater Poland 1277 eight children |
22 February 1296 aged 47-48 |
Children of Boleslaus II, divided their inheritance. In 1290, after the death of his childless cousin Henry IV, Henry V also inherited Wrocław. In 1296, after Henry V's death, Bolko was appointed regent for his nephews. | |
Bolko I [Boleslaus I] the Strict[16] | 1252 Second son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt |
31 December 1278 – 9 November 1301 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor | Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 4 October 1284 Berlin ten children |
9 November 1301 Legnica aged 48-49 | ||
Bernard I the Lightsome | 1253 Third son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt |
31 December 1278 – 25 April 1286 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (at Lwówek Śląski) |
Unmarried | 25 April 1286 aged 32-33 | ||
Lwówek annexed to Świdnica-Jawor | |||||||
Mieszko I[17] | 1252 First son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland |
13 September 1282 – 27 June 1315 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?) between 1275 and 1280 three children |
27 June 1315 aged 62-63 |
Children of Ladislaus I, divided their inheritance. | |
Casimir[18] | 1253 Second son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland |
13 September 1282 – 10 March 1312 | Duchy of Bytom | Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?) c.1275 six children |
10 March 1312 aged 58-59 | ||
Bolko [Boleslaus] I[19] | October 1258 Third son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland |
13 September 1282 – 13 May 1313 | Duchy of Opole | Agnes (of Brandenburg?) c.1280 three children |
14 May 1313 aged 54 | ||
Premislaus | 12 June 1268 Fourth son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland |
13 September 1282 – 7 May 1306 | Duchy of Racibórz | Anna of Masovia c.1290 three children |
7 May 1306 aged 37 | ||
Regencies of Bolko I, Duke of Świdnica-Jawor (1296–1301), Heinrich of Würben (1301–02) and Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (1302–05) | Children of Henry V, ruled under regency until 1305, and divided their inheritance. Boleslaus received Legnica together with Ladislaus. Shortly after,Ladislaus was excluded from government. In 1342, abdicated of the majority of the duchy to his sons, and ruled in Brzeg, which he left to his widow. Henry received Wrocław, but, having no male heirs, signed, in 1327, a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death Wrocław fell to Bohemia. | ||||||
Boleslaus III the Generous | 23 September 1291 First son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland |
22 February 1296 – 21 April 1352 | Duchy of Legnica (only in the Duchy of Brzeg since 1342) |
Margaret of Bohemia 1318 three children Catharina Šubić 1326 no children |
21 April 1352 Brzeg aged 60 | ||
Ladislaus I | 6 June 1296 Third son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland |
22 February 1296 – 1312 | Duchy of Legnica | Anna of Masovia 1325 (annulled 1329) no children |
January 1352 aged 55 | ||
Henry VI the Good[20] | 18 March 1294 Second son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland |
22 February 1296 – 24 November 1335 | Duchy of Wrocław | Anna of Austria 1310 three children |
24 November 1335 Wrocław aged 41 | ||
Wrocław annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia | |||||||
Regency of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1301–1305) | Children of Bolko/Boleslaus I the Strict, divided their inheritance. Bolko was under his elder brother tutelage until his majority, attained in 1322. Henry annexed Głogów in 1337, which he recovered from Bohemia. However, after Henry's death, Głogów returns to Bohemian control; Jawor also returns to Swidnica. | ||||||
Bernard II the Stable | 1291 First son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
9 November 1301 – 6 May 1326 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica) |
Kunigunde of Poland 1310 five children |
6 May 1326 aged 34-35 | ||
Henry I[21] | 1292 Second son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
9 November 1301 – 15 May 1346 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Jawor and Duchy of Głogów since 1337) |
Agnes of Bohemia 1316 no children |
15 May 1346 aged 53-54 | ||
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[22] | 1 February 1300 Third son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
9 November 1301 – 11 June 1341 | Duchy of Ziębice | Bonne-Judith of Savoy-Vaud 21 November 1321 two children |
11 June 1341 Ziębice aged 41 | ||
Jawor was reincorporated in Swidnica | |||||||
Głogów was re-annexed to Bohemia | |||||||
Regency of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn (1306-1308) | After his death without descendants in 1336, Raciborz was inherited by his sister. | ||||||
Leszek | 1292 Son of Premislaus and Anna of Masovia |
7 May 1306 – 1336 | Duchy of Racibórz | Agnes of Głogów-Żagań 1332 no children |
1336 aged 43-44 | ||
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 1276 Daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Alessina of Montferrat |
9 December 1309 – 26 April 1318 | Duchy of Głogów | Henry III March 1291 nine children |
26 April 1318 aged 41-42 |
Heirs of Henry III. The widow received the main part of the duchy (Głogów), while their sons divided their inheritance. Henry IV stayed with Przemko in Zagan, John received Scinawa, and Conrad and Boleslaus inherited Oleśnica jointly. In 1318, Przemko assumed his mother's inheritance at Głogów. After the childless death of Przemko II, it was stipulated that his widow should succeed him, but financial complications led the duchy's temporary annexation the Kingdom of Bohemia. After John's death, Scinawa was partitioned between Swidnica-Jawor and Zagan. | |
Henry IV the Faithful[23] | 1292 First son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
9 December 1309 – 22 January 1342 | Duchy of Żagań | Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 5 January 1310 four children |
22 January 1342 Żagań aged 49-50 | ||
Conrad I[24] | 1294 Second son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
9 December 1309 – 22 December 1366 | Duchy of Oleśnica (with Duchy of Bytom Half A, since 1357, jure uxoris) |
Elisabeth of Wroclaw 10 January 1322 no children Euphemia, Duchess of Bytom 2 March 1333 two children |
22 December 1366 aged 71-72 | ||
Boleslaus | 1295 Third son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
9 December 1309 – April 1321 | Unmarried | April 1321 aged 25-26 | |||
John | 1298 Fourth son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
9 December 1309 – 19 May 1365 | Duchy of Głogów (at Ścinawa) |
Margaret of Pomerania-Wolgast 14 January 1316 no children |
19 May 1365 aged 66-67 | ||
Przemko [Premislaus] II[25] | 1305 Fifth son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
26 April 1318 – 11 January 1331 | Duchy of Głogów (at Duchy of Żagań in 1309–1318) |
Constance of Świdnica 1326 no children |
11 January 1331 aged 25-26 | ||
Głogów was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1331–1337) and to the Jawor portion of Świdnica-Jawor (1337–1346); a new annexation followed, to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1346–1349/60). In 1349 Henry V of Iron (son of Henry the Fatithful) recovered half of the inheritance of his uncle Przemko in Głogów from Bohemia; the other half was given to Przemko II's widow, Constance, in 1360, passed to her brother Bolko II of Swidnica, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn. | |||||||
Scinawa was divided in 1365; half of it was inherited to Zagan and in 1395 sold to Olesnica; the other part was inherited by Swidnica, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn. | |||||||
Ladislaus[26] | 1277 Second son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?) |
10 March 1312 – 8 September 1352 | Duchy of Bytom (in Koźle until 1316; at Bytom proper since 1316) |
Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 21 September 1308 two children Ludgarda of Mecklenburg 6 October 1328 six children |
8 September 1352 age 74-75 |
Children of Casimir, divided their inheritance. In 1316, Siemowit, the middle brother, exchanged the main duchy with the eldest, and took a smaller town for himself; | |
George | 1300 Fourth son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?) |
10 March 1312 – 1327 | Unmarried | 1327 age 26-27 | |||
Siemowit | 1292 Third son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?) |
10 March 1312 – July 1342 | Duchy of Bytom (in Bytom proper until 1316; at Gliwice since 1316[27]) |
July 1342 age 49-50 | |||
Gliwice and Kozle returned to Bytom | |||||||
Boleslaus I the Elder | 1293 First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes |
13 May 1313 – 21 June 1356 | Duchy of Opole (at Niemodlin) |
Euphemia of Wrocław 29 October 1325 eight childrend |
21 March 1365 aged 71-72 |
Children of Bolko I, divided their inheritance. | |
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[19] | c.1295? Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes |
13 May 1313 – 21 June 1356 | Duchy of Opole | Elisabeth of Świdnica 6 May 1326 seven children Margaret (?) one child |
21 June 1356 aged 60-61? | ||
Albert | c.1305? Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes |
13 May 1313 – 25 September 1375 | Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce) |
Agnes of Hardegg 1347 one child |
25 September 1375 aged 69-70? | ||
Ladislaus I[26] | 1275 First son of Mieszko I and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?) |
27 June 1315 – 15 May 1324 | Duchy of Oświęcim | Euphrosyne of Masovia 1304 two children |
15 May 1324 aged 48-49 |
Children of Mieszko I, divided their inheritance. | |
Casimir I | 1280 Second son of Mieszko I and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?) |
27 June 1315 – 29 September 1358 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Euphemia of Masovia 1321 nine children |
29 September 1358 aged 77-78 | ||
Regency of Euphrosyne of Masovia (1324–1325) | |||||||
John I the Scholastic | 1308 Son of Ladislaus I and Euphrosyne of Masovia |
15 May 1324 – September 1372 | Duchy of Oświęcim | Unknown one child Salomea Reuss of Plauen July 1359 three children |
September 1372 aged 63-64 | ||
Bolko [Boleslaus] II the Small[28] | 1312 First son of Bernard II and Kunigunde of Poland |
6 May 1326 – 28 July 1368 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica; at Jawor since 1346; in Duchy of Brzeg Half B since 1358, and Duchy of Głogów Half B since 1361) |
Agnes of Austria 1 June 1338 no children |
28 July 1368 Świdnica aged 55-56 |
Sons of Bernard II, ruled jointly until Henry's death in 1343. In 1346, after his uncle Henry I's death with no male heirs, he reunites Świdnica-Jawor in one duchy. Bolko also bought half of Brzeg in 1358. Brother of Constance, widow duchess of Głogów, inherited part of the duchy from her. After his death in 1368, the half of Głogów returned the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the half of Brzeg to Louis the Fair. | |
Henry II | 1316 Second son of Bernard II and Kunigunde of Poland |
6 May 1326 – 28 June 1345 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (in Świdnica) |
Catharina of Hungary 1 June 1338 one child |
28 June 1345 Kamienna Góra aged 28-29 | ||
Annexation of Half B of Glogow to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1368–1384) | |||||||
Half A annexed to Lubin | |||||||
Anna | 1298 Daughter of Premislaus and Anna of Masovia |
1336 – 21 August 1340 | Duchy of Racibórz | Nicholas II, Duke of Opava 1318 six children |
21 August 1340 aged 41-42 |
Her husband claimed the duchy, and she managed to inherit it. | |
Racibórz annexed to the Duchy of Opava (1306–1521) | |||||||
Nicholas the Small | 1327 Son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Bonne-Judith of Savoy-Vaud |
11 June 1341 – 23 April 1358 | Duchy of Ziębice | Agnes of Lichtenburk 23 October 1343 six children |
23 April 1358 in Hungary aged 30-31 |
||
Henry V of Iron[29] | 1319 Son of Henry IV and Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
22 January 1342 – 13 April 1369 | Duchy of Żagań (with Duchy of Głogów Half A since 1349) |
Anna of Płock 6 September 1337 five children |
13 April 1369 aged 49-50 |
Children of Henry IV, divided their inheritance. In 1349, Henry V annexed half of the previous Duchy of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be annexed by Żagań line of the Piasts. As for Agnes, she "legitimized" the pledge of Lubin that her uncle John, Duke of Ścinawa had made in 1337 with Boleslaus III the Generous, by marrying (secondly) Boleslaus' son. In this perspective, she can be considered the heiress of Lubin. | |
Agnes | 1321 Daughter of Henry IV and Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
22 January 1342 – 7 July 1362 | Duchy of Lubin | Leszek, Duke of Racibórz 1332 no children Louis I 18 November 1341 six children |
7 July 1362 aged 40-41 | ||
Wenceslaus I | 1318 First son of Boleslaus III and Margaret of Bohemia |
1342 – 2 June 1364 | Duchy of Legnica | Anna of Cieszyn 1338 five children |
2 June 1364 aged 45-46 |
Sons of Boleslaus III, divided their inheritance within their father's life. Louis was already ruling in Lubin, while Wenceslaus did the same in Legnica. In 1358, Louis inherited half of Brzeg from his stepmother Catharina (see below). Reunited Brzeg after the death of the owner of the other part, Bolko the Small (1368). | |
Louis I the Fair | 1321 Second son of Boleslaus III and Margaret of Bohemia |
22 January 1342 – 23 December 1398 | Duchy of Lubin (jure uxoris; with Duchy of Brzeg Half A since 1358; in the whole duchy since 1368)) |
Agnes of Głogów-Żagań 18 November 1341 six children |
23 December 1398 aged 76-77 | ||
Catharina Šubić | c.1310? Daughter of Mladen III Šubić, Lord of Bribir and Jelena Nemanjić |
21 April 1352 – February 1358 | Duchy of Brzeg | Boleslaus III 1326 no children |
February 1358 Brzeg aged 47-48? |
Inherited Brzeg from her husband. After her death the duchy was divided between Louis the Fair (her stepson) and Bolko the Small from Swidnica-Jawor. | |
Brzeg divided between Lubin and Swidnica-Jawor | |||||||
Boleslaus | 1330 Son of Ladislaus and Ludgarda of Mecklenburg |
8 September 1352 – 4 October 1355 | Duchy of Bytom | 14 February 1347 three children |
4 October 1355 aged 24-25 |
Son of Ladislaus, Boleslaus left his duchy to his widow Margareta after his death. In 1357, after two years of war for the duchy, a settlement was made; Margareta abdicated of the duchy, which was split between its heiresses. | |
Margareta of Sternberg | c.1330 Daughter of Jaroslav of Sternberg and Margareta of Bílina |
4 October 1355 – 8 December 1357 | Duchy of Bytom | June 1365 aged 34-35 | |||
Ladislaus II Naderspan[30] | 1332 First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica |
21 June 1356 – 18 May 1401 (only de jure from 1396) |
Duchy of Opole | Elisabeth of Wallachia c. 1355 three children Euphemia of Masovia 1369 two children |
18 May 1401 Opole aged 68-69 |
Children of Bolko II, ruled jointly. In 1375, Bolko III was Albert of Strzelce's heir, and split Strzelce from Opole again, leaving the main duchy for his elder brother Ladislaus. | |
Henry[31] | August? 1338 Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica |
21 June 1356 – October 1365 | Unmarried | October 1365 aged 27? | |||
Bolko [Boleslaus] III[32] | 1337 Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica |
21 June 1356 – 21 October 1382 | Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce since 1375) |
Anna of Oświęcim c. 1355 five children |
21 October 1382 aged 44-45 | ||
Euphemia (I) | c.1310 Daughter of Ladislaus and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel |
8 December 1357 – 3 January 1378 | Duchy of Bytom (half A) |
Conrad I, Duke of Oleśnica 2 March 1333 two children |
3 January 1378 aged 67-68 |
In 1357, the duchy was divided between heiresses, one annexed by the Duchy of Oleśnica, the other annexed by the Duchy of Cieszyn, and a third part, ruled by the duke of Niemodlin jure uxoris was also annexed to Oleśnica. | |
Elisabeth | 1347 First daughter of Boleslaus and Margareta of Sternberg |
8 December 1357 – 1374 | Duchy of Bytom (half B) |
Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn 1360 three children |
1374 aged 26-27 | ||
Euphemia (II) | c.1350 Second daughter of Boleslaus and Margareta of Sternberg |
8 December 1357 – 26 August 1411 | Duchy of Bytom (at Gliwice) |
Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn 1364 no children Bolko [Boleslaus] III, Duke of Ziębice 1369 eight children |
26 August 1411 aged 60-61 | ||
Bytom divided between the duchies of Oleśnica and Cieszyn | |||||||
Regency of Agnes of Lichtenburk (1358-1360) | Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly. | ||||||
Bolko [Boleslaus] III[32] | 1348 Ziębice First son of Nicholas and Agnes of Lichtenburk |
23 April 1358 – 13 June 1410 | Duchy of Ziębice | Euphemia of Bytom, Duchess of Gliwice 1369 eight children |
13 June 1410 Ziębice aged 61-62 | ||
Henry I[33] | 1350 Ziębice Second son of Nicholas and Agnes of Lichtenburk |
23 April 1358 – August 1366 | Unmarried | August 1366 Ziębice aged 15-16 | |||
Premislaus I Noszak | 13 February 1334 Cieszyn Son of Casimir I and Euphemia of Masovia |
29 September 1358 – 23 May 1410 | Duchy of Cieszyn (with Duchy of Bytom Half B since 1359, jure uxoris, and Duchy of Głogów Half B in 1384-1404 and 1406-1410) |
Elisabeth, Duchess of Bytom 1360 three children |
23 May 1410 Cieszyn aged 76 |
In 1384 recovered part of the Lower Silesian duchy of Głogów from Bohemia. Abdicated of Głogów for his son, Premislaus, in 1404, but recovered it in 1406. | |
Constance of Świdnica | 1313 Daughter of Bernard II, Duke of Świdnica and Kunigunde of Poland |
1360 – 1361 | Duchy of Głogów (Half B) |
Przemko [Premislaus] II 1326 no children |
21 November 1363 aged 49-50 |
In 1360 Half B of Głogów reemerges as Constance, widow of Przemko II; recovers half of the dowry that was left by her husband; however, she quickly gives it to her brother, Bolko II the Small. | |
Half B of Głogów was annexed to Swidnica-Jawor, then, in 1368, to Bohemia, and, in 1384, it was bought by the Duchy of Cieszyn. | |||||||
Rupert I | 27 March 1347 | 1364–1409 | before 12 January 1409 | Legnica | Hedwig of Zagan 10 February 1372 two children |
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. | |
Wenceslaus II | 1348 | 1364–1413 | 30 December 1419 | Legnica | Unmarried | ||
Boleslaus IV | 1349 | 1364–1394 | 3/4 March 1394 | Legnica | Unmarried | ||
Henry VIII[34] | 1355 | 1364–1398 | 12 December 1398 | Legnica | Unmarried | ||
Boleslaus II | 1326 First son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław |
21 March 1365 – 25 June 1368 | Duchy of Opole (at Niemodlin) |
Unmarried | 25 June 1368 aged 41-42 |
Children of Boleslaus the Elder of Niemodlin, ruled jointly, and none left descendants. | |
Wenceslaus | 1336 Second son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław |
21 March 1365 – June 1369 | Euphemia of Bytom, Duchess of Gliwice 1364 no children |
June 1369 aged 32-33 | |||
Henry | c.1350 Third son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław |
21 March 1365 – 14 September 1382 | Catharina of Moravia c.1370 no children |
14 September 1382 aged 31-32 | |||
Niemodlin annexed to Strzelce | |||||||
Conrad II the Gray[35] | 1340 Son of Conrad I and Euphemia of Bytom |
22 December 1366 – 10 June 1403 | Duchy of Oleśnica (with Duchy of Bytom Half A |
Agnes of Cieszyn 23 February 1354 one child |
10 June 1403 Trzebnica aged 62-63 |
||
Agnes of Austria | 1322 Vienna Daughter of Leopold I, Duke of Austria and Catherine of Savoy |
28 July 1368 – 2 February 1392 | Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor | Bolko [Boleslaus] II 1 June 1338 no children |
2 February 1392 Świdnica aged 69-70 |
Widow, succeeded her husband according to his will. After her death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia. | |
Swidnica-Jawor annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia | |||||||
Henry VI the Elder[36] | before 1345 | 1369–1393 | 5 December 1393 | Żagań (in Głogów Half A until 1378) |
Hedwig of Legnica 10 February 1372 no children |
Sons of Henry V, ruled jointly until 1378. In that year, they made partitions: Henry VI retained Żagań and Henry VII the half of Głogów. Henry VIII received a few towns, but he eventually succeeded his heirless brother Henry VII in 1395. | |
Henry VII Rumpold[37] | 1350 | 1369–1395 | 24 December 1395 | Głogów (Half A) (in Żagań until 1378) |
Unmarried | ||
Henry VIII the Sparrow[38] | 1357 | 1369–1378 1395–1397 |
14 March 1397 | Głogów (Half A) (in Żagań until 1378) |
Catherine of Opole 1382 five children | ||
John II | 1344 Son of John I |
September 1372 – 19 February 1376 | Duchy of Oświęcim | Hedwig of Brzeg 1366 three children |
19 February 1376 aged 31-32 |
||
Regency of Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1376-c.1380) | Left no descendants. The duchy went to a son of Premislaus Noszak. | ||||||
John III | 1366 Son of John II and Hedwig of Brzeg |
19 February 1376 – 19 August 1405 | Duchy of Oświęcim | Hedwig of Lithuania 1394 no children |
19 August 1405 aged 38-39 | ||
Jan Kropidło | 1360 First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim |
21 October 1382 – 3 March 1421 | Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce and Niemodlin until 1401; in Opole as regent since 1396; officially since 1401) |
Unmarried | 3 March 1421 Opole aged 60-61 |
Children of Bolko III, ruled first jointly, and after their uncle Ladislaus's resignation and death (1396-1401), they divided their whole inheritance. | |
Bolko [Boleslaus] IV[39] | 1363 Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim |
21 October 1382 – 6 May 1437 | Margaret of Gorizia 1398 five children |
6 May 1437 aged 73-74 | |||
Henry II | 1374 Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim |
21 October 1382 – 22 December 1394 | Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce and Niemodlin) |
Unmarried | 22 December 1394 aged 19-20 | ||
Bernard[40] | 1378 Fourth son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim |
21 October 1382 – 1450 | Hedwig of Melsztyń two children |
2/4 April 1455 aged 76-77 | |||
Hedwig of Legnica | 1351 | 1393–1403 | 1 August 1409 | Żagań | Henry VI the Elder 10 February 1372 no children |
Widow of Henry VI. | |
Catherine of Opole | 16 March 1367 | 1397–1420 | 6 June 1420 | Głogów (Half A) (in Prudnik, Kożuchów and Zielona Góra) |
Henry VIII the Sparrow 1382 five children |
Ruled in her dowry lands, which reverted to her sons after her death. | |
John I[41] | 1385 | 1403–1439 | 12 April 1439 | Żagań (in Głogów Half A 1397–1412) |
Scholastika of Saxe-Wittenberg c.1405 ten children |
Sons of Henry VIII, ruled jointly in the half of Głogów, inherited from their uncle Henry VIII. In 1403 inherited Żagań from their mother Hedwig. In 1412 divided the land between them. After the partition, John ruled alone in Żagań, and the other brothers continued the joint rule in Głogów. With the abdication of Wenceslaus and the death of Henry X, Henry IX became sole ruler from 1423. In 1446 he inherited Lubin. | |
Henry IX the Elder[42] | 1387 | 1397–1467 | 11 November 1467 | Głogów (Half A) (in Żagań 1403–1412) |
Hedwig of Oleśnica c. 1432 six children | ||
Henry X Rumpold[43] | 1390 | 1397–1423 | 18 January 1423 | Głogów (Half A) (in Żagań 1403–1412) |
Unmarried | ||
Wenceslaus I[44] | 1391 | 1397–1417 | before 4 February 1431 | Głogów (Half A) (in Żagań 1403–1412) |
Unmarried | ||
Henry VII the Courageous[45] | 1343 Son of Louis I and Agnes |
23 December 1398 – 11 July 1399 | Duchy of Lubin (with Duchy of Brzeg) |
Helena of Orlamünde 1369 one child Margaret of Masovia July 1379 two children |
11 July 1399 aged 55-56 |
Co-ruled with his father since 1361. | |
Henry IX[42] | 1369 Son of Henry VII and Helena of Orlamünde |
11 July 1399 – 10 July 1420 | Duchy of Lubin (with the whole Duchy of Brzeg until 1400; in Olawa since 1400) |
Anna of Cieszyn 20 September 1396 six children |
10 July 1420 aged 50-51 |
Children of Henry VII, divided their inheritance. Brzeg was exchanged between the brothers in 1400 (Henry gave it to Louis). However, Oława (in Brzeg) remained in Henry IX's posession. In 1413, Legnica was inherited by Louis II. | |
Louis II | 1380 Son of Henry VII and Margaret of Masovia |
11 July 1399 – 30 May 1436 | Duchy of Brzeg (in Chojnów; in Brzeg proper since 1400; with Duchy of Legnica since 1413) |
Hedwig Zapólya before 14 August 1409 no children Elisabeth of Brandenburg 9 April 1418 Konstanz no children |
30 May 1436 aged 55-56 | ||
Conrad III the Old | 1359 Son of Conrad II and Agnes of Cieszyn |
10 June 1403 – 28 December 1412 | Duchy of Oleśnica (with Duchy of Bytom Half A) |
Judith (d.24 June 1416) c.1380 seven children |
28 December 1412 aged 52-53 |
||
Premislaus The Younger | 1362 First son of Premislaus I and Elisabeth of Bytom |
19 August 1405 – 1 January 1406 | Duchy of Oświęcim (in the Duchy of Głogów Half B in 1404-1406) |
Unknown one child |
1 January 1406 aged 43-44 |
Received, in his father's lifetime, the duchy of Głogów. In the next year also inherited Oświęcim from John III. Preceded his father in death, but left descendants to rule in Oświęcim, while Głogów returned to his father. | |
Regencies of Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1406-1410) and Boleslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1410-1414) | |||||||
Casimir I | 1396 Son of Premislaus the Younger |
1 January 1406 – 7 April 1434 | Duchy of Oświęcim | Anna of Zagan 1417 three children Margareta of Racibórz 1433 no children |
7 April 1434 aged 37-38 | ||
Boleslaus I | 1363 Second son of Premislaus I and Elisabeth of Bytom |
23 May 1410 – 6 May 1431 | Duchy of Cieszyn (with Duchy of Głogów Half B and Duchy of Bytom Half B) |
Margareta of Opava 1 January 1406 no children Euphemia of Masovia 20 November 1412 five children |
6 May 1431 aged 67-68 |
||
John I | 1380 First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom |
13 June 1410 – 27 August 1428 | Duchy of Ziębice | Elizabeth Lackfi 19 March 1408 one child |
27 August 1428 Stary Wielisław aged 47-48 |
Children of Bolko III, ruled jointly. | |
Henry II | 1396 Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom |
13 June 1410 – 11 March 1420 | Unmarried | 11 March 1420 in Livonia aged 23-24 | |||
Conrad IV the Elder | 1384 First son of Conrad III and Judith |
28 December 1412 – 9 August 1447 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in the whole duchy, plus Duchy of Bytom Half A until 1416; in Kąty, Bierutów, Prudnik and Syców from 1416) |
Unmarried | 9 August 1447 Jelcz aged 62-63 |
In 1416, abdicated to his younger brothers, but not without retaining some towns for himself. | |
Conrad V Kantner | 1385 Oleśnica or Kąty (?)[46] Second son of Conrad III and Judith |
1412 – 10 September 1439 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Oleśnica, Milicz, Prusice,[47] Trzebnica, Wasosz, Zmigrod and Wołów,[48] with Duchy of Bytom Half A) |
Margaret (?) 9 October 1411 five children |
10 September 1439 aged 53-54 |
Younger brothers of Conrad IV, divided their domains; Conrad VI left his possessions to his younger brother Conrad VIII, and Conrad V did the same to his brother Conrad VII, who ended up inheriting all of his brothers' possessions (Conrad V's in 1439, Conrad VI and VIII's in 1444, and Conrad IV's in 1447). In 1450, Conrad VII, now ruling alone, abdicated of all his possessions to his nephews and heirs. | |
Conrad VI the Dean | 1391 Oleśnica Third son of Conrad III and Judith |
1416 – 3 September 1427 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Ścinawa,[49] Lubiąż and Wołów[48]) |
Unmarried | 3 September 1427 aged 35-36 | ||
Conrad VII the White | 1396 Oleśnica Fourth son of Conrad III and Judith |
1416 – 1450 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Koźle, Gliwice and Prusice;[47] in the whole duchy from 1447) |
Katharina (?) 2 February 1437 no children Dorothea of Warsaw? 7 March 1450 no children |
14 February 1452 Wrocław aged 55-56 | ||
Conrad VIII the Younger | 1397 Oleśnica Fifth son of Conrad III and Judith |
1416 – 5 September 1444 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Rudna; at Ścinawa and Lubiąż since 1427) |
Unmarried | 5 September 1444 aged 46-47 | ||
Rupert II | 1396 First son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn |
10 July 1420 – 24 August 1431 | Duchy of Lubin (at Lubin proper) |
Unmarried | 24 August 1431 aged 34-35 |
Children of Henry IX, divided their possessions. Wenceslaus kept Olawa and Rupert ruled in Lubin. Louis, the younger son, ascended later, reuniting the possessions of his brothers. | |
Wenceslaus III | 1400 Second son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn |
10 July 1420 – 28 May 1423 | Duchy of Lubin (at Oława) |
28 May 1423 aged 22-23 | |||
Louis III | c.1405 Third son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn |
28 May 1423 – June 1441 | Duchy of Lubin (at Oława; in Lubin since 1431) |
Margareta of Opole c.1423 two children |
June 1441 aged 35-36 | ||
Euphemia | 1385 Daughter of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom |
27 August 1428 – 1443[50] | Duchy of Ziębice | Frederick III, Count of Oettingen 1397 nine children |
17 November 1447 aged 57-58 |
Faced opposition to her succession by the Častolovice family, with whom she had to negotiate her succession. Despite being in Ziebice/Munsterberg since the death of her husband (1423) and prior to her brother's death (1428), and being cited as Euphemia...Herczoginne czu Monstirbergk in 1429,[51] only in 1435 she saw her rights recognized by Bohemia. In 1443, after years of conflict, she abdicated to her nephew, the Duke of Opava, who was also married to a Častolovice heiress. | |
Ziębice was annexed to the Duchy of Opava | |||||||
Regency of Euphemia of Masovia (1431–1442) | Divided their inheritance after the end of the regency of their mother. After Ladislaus' death, Premislaus retained co-rulership in Cieszyn, with his brother Wenceslaus, and in Głogów, associated with his widowed sister-in-law. Wenceslaus inherited the half of Bytom the family had, exchanging it with his brother Boleslaus, but returning to him after Boleslaus death shortly after the exchange. Wenceslaus resigned this half in 1459, returning it to Olesnica, which reunited Bytom under Olesnica rule. | ||||||
Wenceslaus I[52] | 1413 First son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava |
6 May 1431 – 1468 | Duchy of Cieszyn (with Duchy of Bytom Half B 1431-1452 and 1452-1459) |
Elisabeth of Brandenburg 17 February 1439 (annulled 1445) no children |
1474 aged 60-61 | ||
Ladislaus I | 1420 Second son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava |
6 May 1431 – 14 February 1460 | Duchy of Głogów (Half B) |
Margareta of Celje December 1444 no children |
14 February 1460 aged 39-40 | ||
Premislaus II | 1422 Third son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava |
6 May 1431 – 18 March 1477 | Duchy of Cieszyn (with Duchy of Głogów Half B since 1460[53]) |
Anna of Warsaw c.1465 one child |
18 March 1477 aged 54-55 | ||
Boleslaus II | 1425 Fourth son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava |
6 May 1431 – 4 October 1452 | Duchy of Cieszyn (at Bielsko and Frysztat; in Duchy of Bytom Half B in 1452) |
Anna of Bielsk 28 January 1448 three children |
4 October 1452 aged 26-27 | ||
Wenceslaus I[54] | 1418 First son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan |
7 April 1434 – 28 July 1468 | Duchy of Zator | Margareta Kopczowski c.1450 seven children |
28 July 1468 aged 49-50 |
Children of Casimir I, divided their inheritance. The main duchy went to John IV, who sold it to Poland in 1456. However, Zator remained active for another generation. | |
Premislaus | 1425 Second son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan |
7 April 1434 – December 1484 | Duchy of Oświęcim (at Toszek) |
Margaret of Opole 23 February 1463 one child |
December 1484 aged 58-59 | ||
John IV | 1426 Third son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan |
7 April 1434 – 11 October 1456 | Duchy of Oświęcim (at Oświęcim proper) |
Catharina 30 December 1465 no children Barbara of Karniów c. 1475 one child |
21 February 1497 aged 70-71 | ||
Oświęcim annexed to the Kingdom of Poland; Toszek annexed to Poland (1484-1495), and recovered by the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz | |||||||
Elisabeth of Brandenburg | 29 September 1403 Daughter of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg and Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut |
30 May 1436 – 31 October 1449 | Duchy of Brzeg (at Duchy of Legnica only since 1443) |
Louis II 9 April 1418 Konstanz no children Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn 17 February 1439 (annulled 1445) no children |
31 October 1449 aged 45 |
Widow of Louis II. In 1443 is forced to give Brzeg to John I and Henry X of Lubin, reuniting the Lubin inheritance. After her death in 1449, Legnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia. | |
Legnica annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1449–1454) | |||||||
John I[55] | 1410 Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia |
6 May 1437 – 5 September 1439 | Duchy of Opole (with Duchy of Brzeg since 1450) |
Unmarried | 5 September 1439 aged 28-29 |
Children of Bolko IV, ruled jointly. After John's death in 1439, Nicholas ruled alone. In 1450 Nicholas bought Brzeg, possibly in virtue of his marriage. | |
Nicholas I | 1424 Fourth son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia |
6 May 1437 – 3 July 1476 | Magdalena of Brzeg February 1442 ten children |
3 July 1476 aged 51-52 | |||
Margaret | c.1390? ? |
10 September 1439 – 15 March 1449 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Wołów) |
Conrad V 9 October 1411 five children |
15 March 1449 aged 58-59? |
Widow of Conrad V, inherited Wołów as dowry, which after her death reverted, similarly to the rest of Conrad V's possessions, to Conrad VII. | |
Wołów remerged in Oleśnica | |||||||
Balthasar | 1415 | 1439–1461 1468–1472 |
15 July 1472 | Żagań | Agnes before 1460 one child Barbara of Cieszyn 11 September 1469 no children |
Sons of John I, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus and John abdicated in 1449, and Balthasar ruled alone, but John came in 1461 and dethroned Balthasar. However the latter dethroned the usurper and ruled again. John put aside his brother in 1472 and ruled once again, but, in that year his duchy was annexed to Saxony. In 1476, John II inherits part of Glogow from his cousin Henry XI, and in 1480 reunites both parts of this duhcy. In 1482 lost Lubin for Legnica. In 1488 Głogów is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. | |
Rudolph | 1418 | 1439–1454 | 18 September 1454 | Żagań | Unmarried | ||
Wenceslaus[56] | 1434 | 1439–1449 | 29 April 1488 | Żagań | Unmarried | ||
John II the Mad | 16 April 1435 | 1439–1449 1461–1468 1472 |
22 September 1504 | Żagań | Katharina of Opava c.1462 five children | ||
1476/1480–1482 | Głogów (both halves reunited 1480) | ||||||
Annexation to the Duchy of Saxony | |||||||
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland | |||||||
Lubin, since 1446 part of Głogów, reverted to Legnica | |||||||
Margareta of Opole | 1412 Daughter of |
June 1441 – 15 January 1454 | Duchy of Lubin (at Oława) |
Louis III 1423 two children |
15 January 1454 aged 41-42 |
Heirs of Louis III. Margareta inherited Olawa as a dower seat, and her children ruled jointly. In 1443 they inherited Brzeg from Elisabeth of Brandenburg, but, in 1446, due to the difficult financial situation, had to sell Lubin to the Duchy of Głogów. In 1450 Brzeg is also sold to Opole. Chojnow was the only main town kept by the brothers, and the one they left to Frederick I, John I's son. Olawa was also inherited by Frederick (Margareta's grandson). The duchy recentered, since 1454, around Legnica. | |
John I | 1425 First son of Louis III and Margareta of Opole |
June 1441 – November 1453 | Duchy of Lubin (at Chojnów; in Lubin proper until 1446; with Duchy of Brzeg since 1443) |
Hedwig of Brzeg February 1445 one child |
November 1453 aged 27-28 | ||
Henry X[57] | 1426 Second son of Louis III and Margareta of Opole |
June 1441 – May 1452 | Unmarried | May 1452 aged 25-26 | |||
Olawa returned to Chojnów/Legnica; Lubin was bought by Henry IX the Elder, duke of Głogów | |||||||
Brzeg was bought by duke Nicholas I of Opole | |||||||
Bolko [Boleslaus] V the Hussite[39] | c.1400 First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia |
1450 – 29 May 1460 | Duchy of Opole (at Strzelce and Niemodlin) |
Elisabeth Granowski 1418 (annulled 1451) one child Hedwig Beess of Kujawy 27 June 1451 no children |
29 May 1460 Głogówek aged 59-60 |
Inherited his portion from his uncle, and left to his younger brothers the main duchy of Opole, leaving them his own lands after his death. | |
Niemodlin and Strzelce annexed to Opole | |||||||
Conrad IX the Black | 1415 First son of Conrad V and Margaret |
1450 – 14 August 1471 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Oleśnica, Bierutów, Gliwice and Koźle, with Duchy of Bytom Half A) |
Margareta of Rawa 1453 one child |
14 August 1471 aged 55-56 |
Children of Conrad V, divided their inheritance. After Conrad IX's death, and save some exceptions (inherited by Conrad IX's widow and daughter), the majority of Conrad IX's inheritance went to Conrad X. Those excdptions eventually also ended uo in Conrad X's possession in 1478, reuniting all the duchy, which, after his death, was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia. | |
Conrad X the White | 1420 Second son of Conrad V and Margaret |
1450 – 21 September 1492 | Duchy of Oleśnica (in Milicz, Prusice, Ścinawa, Syców, Wasosz, Zmigrod and Wołów; in the whole duchy since 1478) |
Dorothea Reynkenberg before 1492 (morganatic) no children |
21 September 1492 small>aged 71-72 | ||
Olesnica was annexed, in 1492, to the Kingdom of Bohemia | |||||||
Regency of Hedwig of Brzeg (1453-1466) | Frederick I was responsible for the recovery the patrimony lost to other polities: Legnica became independent from Bohemia in 1454. In the same year, Frederick inherited Olawa from his grandmother Margareta of Opole. In 1481 Frederick I of Legnica purchased Brzeg from Opole, and recovered Lubin from John the Mad in 1482. | ||||||
Frederick I | 3 May 1446 Brzeg Son of John I and Hedwig of Brzeg |
November 1453 – 9 May 1488 | Duchy of Legnica (at Chojnów; in Legnica proper and Oława since 1454; with Duchy of Lubin and Duchy of Brzeg since 1481)) |
Ludmila of Poděbrady 5 September 1474 three children |
9 May 1488 Legnica aged 42 | ||
Margareta of Celje | 1411 Daughter of Herman III, Count of Celje, and Elisabeth of Abensberg |
14 February 1460 – 22 July 1480 | Duchy of Głogów (Half B) |
Herman I, Count of Montfort-Pfannberg 15 March 1430 four children Ladislaus I December 1444 no children |
22 July 1480 aged 68-69 |
Widow of Ladislaus I, ruled with her brother-in-law Premislaus II, until his death in 1477, after ehich she continued her rule alone. After her death, both parts of Glogow were reunited. | |
Henry XI[58] | 1435 | 1467–1476 | 22 February 1476 | Głogów (Half A) |
Barbara of Brandenburg 11 October 1472 Berlin no children |
Son of Henry IX. | |
Casimir II | c.1450 First son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski |
28 July 1468 – 7 July 1490 | Duchy of Zator | Margaret of Karniów 12 August 1482 one child |
7 July 1490 aged 39-40 |
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. In 1490 John became sole ruler. In 1513, after John V's death with no descendants, the Duchy was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland. | |
Wenceslaus II[59] | c.1450 Second son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski |
28 July 1468 – 1487 | Unmarried | 1487 aged 36-37 | |||
John V[60] | c.1455 Third son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski |
28 July 1468 – 17 September 1513 | 17 September 1513 aged 57-58 | ||||
Ladislaus (II) | c.1455 Fourth son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski |
28 July 1468 – 21 September 1494 | Anna before 1488 one child |
21 September 1494 aged 38-39 | |||
Zator annexed to the Kingdom of Poland | |||||||
Margareta of Rawa | 1441 Daughter of Siemowit V, Duke of Rawa and Margareta of Racibórz |
14 August 1471 – 1475 | Duchy of Oleśnica (Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A) |
Conrad IX 1453 one child |
1 September 1485 aged 43-44 |
Widow of Conrad IX, inherited part of the properties of her husband, which passed to her daughter. | |
Regency of Conrad X, Duke of Oleśnica (1475–1478) | Deposed in 1478 by her regent and died in the next year. Her possessions, inherited from her mother, were inherited by her uncle. | ||||||
Barbara | 1465 Daughter of Conrad IX and Margareta of Rawa |
1475 – 1478 | Duchy of Oleśnica (Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A) |
Unmarried | 30 November 1479 aged 13-14 | ||
Barbara's possessions were inherited by her uncle Conrad X, who reunited Olesnica in 1478 (see above) | |||||||
Louis | 1450 First son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg |
3 July – September 1476 | Duchy of Opole (until 1521; with Brzeg until 1481) Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (from 1521) |
Unmarried | September 1476 aged 25-26 |
Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly. In 1481 they sold Brzeg to Frederick I of Legnica. From 1497, John ruled alone, purchasing back, in 1521, the lost Racibórz from Bohemia, and restoring the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz. However, as he left no descendants the duchy reverted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach. | |
John II the Good | 1460 Second son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg |
3 July 1476 – 27 March 1532 | 27 March 1532 aged 71-72 | ||||
Nicholas II | 1462 Third son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg |
3 July 1476 – 27 June 1497 | 27 June 1497 aged 34-35 | ||||
Brzeg returned to Legnica | |||||||
Opole-Racibórz annexed to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach | |||||||
Casimir II | 1449 Son of Boleslaus II and Anna of Bielsk |
18 March 1477 – 13 December 1528 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Johanna of Poděbrady 15 February 1480 six children |
13 December 1528 Cieszyn aged 78-79 |
Father and son, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus predeceased his father and never came to rule alone. | |
Wenceslaus II[61] | 1488 Cieszyn Son of Casimir II and Johanna of Poděbrady |
1518 – 17 November 1524 | Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach 1 December 1518 three children |
17 November 1524 Cieszyn aged 35-36 | |||
Ludmila of Poděbrady | 16 October 1446 | 1488–1503 | 20 January 1503 | Brzeg | Frederick I, Duke of Legnica 5 September 1474 three children |
Widow of Frederick I. Received Brzeg as her dower, but also served as regent for her sons in Legnica. | |
Regency of Ludmila of Poděbrady (1488–95) | Ruled jointly until the end of regency. John didn't reach adulthood. In 1503, after their mother's death, George inherited Brzeg from their mother, and Frederick became sole ruler of Legnica, which, after the childless death of George in 1521, was reunited with Brzeg. | ||||||
John II | 1477 | 1488–1495 | 6 March 1495 | Legnica | Unmarried | ||
George I[62] | 1481/3 | 1488–1521 | 30 May 1521 | Brzeg (with Lubin; in Legnica until 1505) |
Anna of Pomerania 9 June 1516 no children | ||
Frederick II the Great | 12 February 1480 | 1488–1547 | 17 September 1547 | Legnica | Elisabeth of Poland-Lithuania 21 November 1515 one child Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach 14 November 1519 three children | ||
1503–1505 1521–1547 |
Brzeg | ||||||
Anna of Pomerania | 1492 | 1521–1550 | 25 April 1550 | Lubin | George I 9 July 1516 no children |
Inherited Lubin from her husband. As she didn't have children, the land passed, at her death, permanently to Legnica. | |
Annexation to Legnica | |||||||
Regencies of Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1528–1539) and John III of Pernstein (1528–1545) | |||||||
Wenceslaus III Adam | December 1524 Cieszyn Son of Wenceslaus II and Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach |
13 December 1528 – 4 November 1579 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Maria of Pernstein 8 February 1540 three children Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg 25 November 1567 Cieszyn six children |
4 November 1579 Cieszyn aged 54 | ||
Frederick Casimir | December 1541 Cieszyn Son of Wenceslaus III Adam and Maria of Pernstein |
1560 – 4 May 1571 | Catharina of Legnica 28 December 1563 Legnica one child |
4 May 1571 Cieszyn aged 29 |
Son of Wenceslaus, co-ruled with him from 1560 but preceded his father in death. | ||
Frederick III | 22 February 1520 | 1547–1559 | 15 December 1570 | Legnica (with Lubin) | Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 3 March 1538 Legnica six children |
Children of Frederick II, divided the land: Frederick III kept Legnica (and absorbed Lubin in 1550), and George II inherited Brzeg. | |
George II the Pious | 18 July 1523 | 1547–1586 | 7 May 1586 | Brzeg | Barbara of Brandenburg 15 February 1545 Berlin seven children |
Jointly with his brother Frederick II. | |
Henry XI[58] | 23 February 1539 | 1559–1581 | 3 March 1588 | Legnica | Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach 11 November 1560 Legnica six children |
||
Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 14 April 1518 | 1570–1581 | 17 November 1581 | Legnica (at Chojnów) | Frederick III 3 March 1538 Legnica six children |
Widow of Frederick III. | |
Regency of Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg (1579–1594) | |||||||
Adam Wenceslaus | 12 December 1574 Cieszyn Son of Wenceslaus III Adam and Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg |
4 November 1579 – 13 July 1617 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Elisabeth of Courland 17 September 1595 five children |
13 July 1617 Cieszyn aged 42 | ||
Frederick IV | 20 April 1552 | 1581–1596 | 27 March 1596 | Legnica | Maria Sidonia of Cieszyn 20 January 1587 no children Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 23 November 1589 no children Anna of Württemberg 24 October 1594 no children |
||
Barbara of Brandenburg | 10 August 1527 | 1586–1595 | 2 January 1595 | Brzeg | George II 15 February 1545 Berlin seven children |
Widow, ruled in Brzeg. | |
John George | 17 June 1552 | 1586–1592 | 6 July 1592 | Brzeg (at Oława) |
Anna of Württemberg 16 September 1582 Brzeg no children |
||
Anna of Württemberg | 17 June 1552 | 1592–1594 | 7 July 1616 | Brzeg (at Oława) |
John George 16 September 1582 Brzeg no children Frederick IV 24 October 1594 no children |
She married twice, so in 1594 she was stripped from her duchy. | |
Joachim Frederick | 29 September 1550 | 1586–1592 1594–1602 |
25 March 1602 | Brzeg (at Oława; in the entire Brzeg since 1595) |
19 May 1577 Brzeg six children |
Initially co-ruler with his brother, John George, after his death the duchy went to his widow, which was stripped from her when she married again. He reunited Brzeg, and then reunited it with Legnica in 1596. | |
1596–1602 | Legnica | ||||||
Anna Maria of Anhalt | 29 September 1550 | 1602–1605 | 14 November 1605 | Brzeg (at Oława) |
Received Olawa after her husband's death. She also served as regent for her children in the other possessions of her husband. She did not do it by herself. She had co-rulership on her regency. After her death the regency was taken by the sister of Joachim Frederick, Elisabeth Magdalena, and her husband, who ruled until the brothers came of age, in 1609. | ||
Regencies of Anna Maria of Anhalt (1602–05), Elisabeth Magdalena of Brzeg and Charles II of Poděbrady (1602–09) | Sons of Joachim Frederick, ruled jointly until 1612. In that year they made partitions. George Rudolf received Legnica and John Christian Brzeg. George left no descendants, and was succeeded by his nephews. | ||||||
George Rudolf | 12 January 1595 | 1602–1653 | 14 January 1653 | Legnica (in Brzeg until 1612) |
Sophia Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau 4 November 1614 Dessau no children Elisabeth Magdalena of Munsterberg 5 December 1624 no children | ||
John Christian | 28 August 1591 | 1602–1633 | 25 December 1639 | Brzeg (in Legnica until 1612) |
Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg 12 December 1610 Berlin thirteen children Anna Hedwig Sitzsch (morganatic) 13 September 1626 Brzeg seven children | ||
Regency of Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (1617–24) | |||||||
Frederick William | 9 November 1601 Cieszyn Son of Adam Wenceslaus and Elisabeth of Courland |
13 July 1617 – 13 August 1625 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Unmarried | 19 August 1625 Cologne aged 23 | ||
Elizabeth Lucretia | 1 June 1599 Cieszyn Daughter of Adam Wenceslaus and Elisabeth of Courland |
13 August 1625 – 19 May 1653 | Duchy of Cieszyn | Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein 23 April 1618 no children |
19 May 1653 Cieszyn aged 53 |
After her death, Cieszyn was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire. | |
Cieszyn efinitively annexed to the Holy Roman Empire | |||||||
Louis IV | 19 April 1616 | 1653–1663 | 24 November 1653 | Legnica | Anna Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 8 May 1649 Brzeg one child |
Sons of John Christian, ruled jointly in Legnica. George was already duke of Brzeg since his father's death. As George had no descendants, he was succeeded in his domains by his brother Christian. The latter, after his own death, left Oława for his widow, and the remaining lands were inherited by his own son. | |
George III | 4 September 1611 | 1633–1664 | 4 July 1664 | Brzeg | Sophia Katharina of Munsterberg 23 February 1638 Bernstadt one child Elisabeth Marie Charlotte of Palatinate-Simmern-Kaiserslautern 19 October 1660 Brzeg no children | ||
1653–1654 1663–1664 |
Legnica | ||||||
Christian | 9 April 1618 | 1653–1654 1663–1672 |
28 February 1672 | Legnica | Louise of Anhalt-Dessau 24 November 1648 Dessau four children | ||
1664–1672 | Brzeg | ||||||
Regency of Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (1672–1675) | Last male representative of the House of Piast. Died without descendants. | ||||||
George William | 29 September 1660 | 1672–1675 | 21 November 1675 | Legnica and Brzeg | Unmarried | ||
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire | |||||||
Louise of Anhalt-Dessau | 10 February 1631 | 1672–1680 | 25 April 1680 | Brzeg (at Oława) |
Christian 24 November 1648 Dessau four children |
Regional duchess in Brzeg, widow of Christian. After her death the Duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire. | |
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire |
Přemyslid Dukes of Silesia[edit]
Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty[edit]
Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:
Piast Ráciborz (1282-1336) | |||
Opava (1269-1456) (brief annexation to Piast Legnica in 1308-11; also in Ziębice 1443-56) |
|||
Ráciborz (1378-1521) |
Krnov (1424-1493) (brief annexation to Hungary in 1474-90) | ||
Glubczyce (1433-1485) |
|||
Pledged to Opole and annexed to Bohemia | |||
Annexed to Bohemia |
Annexed to Bohemia | ||
Annexed to Opole |
Table of rulers[edit]
- The numbering of the Silesian Premyslid rulers is a problematic matter between scholars, as different sources numbers and orders them differently.
Ruler | Born | Reign | Death | Ruling part | Consort | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nicholas I | 1255 | 1269-1318 | 25 July 1318 | Opava | Adelaide of Habsburg (d.1313) 1283 three children |
Natural son of Premysl Ottokar II of Bohemia and Agnes of Kuenring, inherited from his father the Silesian duchy of Opava. | |
Nicholas II | 1288 | 1318-1365 | 8 December 1365 | Opava | Anna of Racibórz 1318 six children Hedwig of Olesnica (d.1359) May 1342 one child Jutta of Opole (d.aft.1378) 1360 three children |
||
John I | 1288 | 1365-1382 | 8 December 1365 | Racibórz (in Opava until 1377) |
Anna of Głogów-Żagań (d.1369) 1361 three children |
Children of Nicholas II, divided the land; After Nicholas III's death, Glubczyce returned to Opava. | |
Nicholas III | 1339 | 1365-1394 | 9 July 1394 | Opava (at Glubczyce; in Opava until 1377) |
Unmarried | ||
Premislaus I | 1288 | 1365-1433 | 8 December 1365 | Opava | Anna of Lutz (d.1405) 1395 three children Catherine of Ziebice (d.23 May 1422) c.1405 three children Elena of Bosnia 1425 three children | ||
Wenceslaus I | 1361 | 1365-1381 | 1381 | Opava | Unmarried | ||
John II of Iron | c.1365 | 1382-1424 | 1424 | Racibórz | Helena of Lithuania (d.c.1450) 16 January 1407 three children |
Children of John I, divided the land. John kept the main Ráciborz and Krnov, and Nicholas was given Bruntál. John lost Krnov in 1388, but recovered it in 1422. | |
Nicholas IV | c.1370 | 1382-1406 | 1406 | Racibórz (at Bruntál) |
Unmarried | ||
Wenceslaus II | 1405 | 1424-1456 | 29 October 1456 | Racibórz | Margaret of Szamotuły (d.5 November 1464) 1437 four children |
Children of John II, divided the land. | |
Nicholas V | 1409 | 1424-1452 | 22 December 1452 | Racibórz | Margaret Clemm of Ellguth three children Barbara Rockemberg 1451 Kraków two children | ||
Wenceslaus II | 1397 | 1433-1445 | 1445 | Glubczyce (in Opava until 1435) |
Elisabeth of Kravař 1420 two children |
Children of Premislaus I, divided the land. William and Ernest inherited the duchy of Ziebice in succession, alongside Opava, where they ruled together with their half- brother Nicholas IV (and possibly also Premislaus II). In 1452, after William's death, Ernest and his brothers associated William's sons as co-rulers. Wenceslaus II, another half-brother, inherited a part of Opava centered around Glubczyce. In 1464, the duchy of Opava was sold to Bohemia. | |
William | 1410 | 1433-1452 | 15 August 1452 | Opava | Salome of Častolovice five children | ||
1443-1452 | Ziębice | ||||||
Ernest | 1415 | 1433-1456 | 1464 | Opava | Unmarried | ||
1452-1456 | Ziębice | ||||||
Nicholas IV | 1400 | 1433-1437 | 1437 | Opava | |||
Premislaus II the Elder | c.1425 | 1433-1456 | 16 June 1478 | Opava | |||
Frederick | 1440 | 1452-1456 | 1470 | Opava | |||
Wenceslaus III | 1445 | 1474 | Opava | ||||
Premislaus III the Younger | 1450 | 17 February 1493 | Opava | ||||
Pledge to Opole by debt; Debt transferred in 1464 to Bohemia: Annexation to Bohemia | |||||||
John (III) | 1420 | 1445-1454 | 1454 | Glubczyce (in Fulnek) |
Unmarried | Children of Wenceslaus II, divided the land, which was reunited shortly by John III. | |
John III the Pious | 1425 | 1445-1485 | 1485 | Glubczyce (in Fulnek since 1454) |
Catherine (d.1485) no children | ||
Barbara Rockemberg | c.1410? | 1452-1462 | November 1463 | Krnov (at Pszczyna) |
Wilhelm Willandt no children Jerzy Orient one child Nicholas V 1451 Kraków two children |
Wife of Nicholas V, inherited the town of Pszczyna as widow seat, while ruling as regent in the rest of the duchy for her stepsons. | |
Regency of Barbara Rockemberg (1452-1462) | Children of Nicholas V, divided the land. In 1474, John lost the duchy, which was then claimed by his sister. | ||||||
John IV the Elder | 1440 | 1452-1474 1464-1483 |
1483 | Krnov Krnov (at Wodzisław Śląski) |
Unmarried | ||
Wenceslaus V | 1442 | 1452-1478 | 1478 | Krnov (at Rybnik) |
Unmarried | ||
Annexation to Hungary (1474-1490) | |||||||
Regency of Margaret of Szamotuły (1456-1464) | |||||||
John V the Younger | 1446 | 1456-1493 | 14 April 1493 | Racibórz | Magdalena of Opole (c.1465-May 1501) 13 January 1478 Opole four children | ||
Barbara | 1445 | 1490-1510 | 27 April 1510 | Krnov | John IV, Duke of Oświęcim 1475 one child |
Claimed (and ruled, effectively) her family's duchy from 1490, co-ruling with her son-in-law since 1493[63] | |
Annexation to Bohemia | |||||||
Regency of Magdalena of Opole (1493-1499) | Children of John V, ruled jointly. In 1521, after the childless brothers' death, the duchy returned to Opole. | ||||||
Nicholas VI | 1478 | 1493-1506 | 3 November 1506 | Racibórz | Unmarried | ||
John VI | 1484 | 1493-1506 | November/December 1506 | Racibórz | |||
Valentin the Hunchback | 1485 | 1493-1521 | 13 November 1521 | Racibórz | |||
Annexation to Opole |
The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa[edit]
Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław
- 1302–1319 Henry of Wiebrzno
- 1326–1341 Nankier
- 1342–1376 Przecław of Pogarell
- 1382–1417 Wenceslaus II of Legnica
- 1417–1447 Konrad IV of Oleśnica
- 1447–1456 Peter II Nowak
- 1456–1467 Jošt of Rožmberk
- 1468–1482 Rudolf of Rüdesheim
- 1482–1506 Jan IV Roth
- 1506–1520 Jan V Thurzo
- 1520–1539 Jacob of Salza
- 1539–1562 Balthazar of Promnitz
- 1562–1574 Caspar of Logau
- 1574–1585 Martin Gerstmann
- 1585–1596 Andreas Jerin
- 1596–1599 Bonaventura Hahn
- 1599–1600 Paul Albert of Radolfzell
- 1600–1608 Jan VI of Sitsch
- 1608–1624 Charles of Austria, son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria
- 1625–1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa, Duke of Opole from 1648
- 1656–1662 Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg
- 1663–1664 Charles Joseph of Habsburg, also Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1662
- 1665–1671 Sebastian von Rostock
- 1671–1682 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt
- 1683–1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
- 1732–1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf
Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.
- 1747–1795 Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch
- 1795–1817 Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
Prussian part secularised in 1810.
- 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
- 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
- 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
- 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock
Theocracy abolished in 1850.
See also[edit]
- List of Polish rulers
- Piast dynasty
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Little Poland
- Dukes of Cuiavia
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
References[edit]
- ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
- ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
- ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
- ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481; Lubin was recovered from Głogów in 1482.
- ^ Lubin was recreated as dowry between 1521 and 1550; Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Conrad I.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry IV the Faithful
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Konrad II the Hunchback.
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry V of Iron
- ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
- ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry VI the Elder
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Głogów, Conrad I.
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
- ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
- ^ Documented as such in 1340.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Legnica-Wrocław, Henry V the Fat
- ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
- ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
- ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
- ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VIII the Sparrow
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zagan, Konrad II the Hunchback.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry VI the Good
- ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII the Courageous
- ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica, Henry VIII
- ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
- ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
- ^ He was the first Lower Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Upper Silesian duke of Opole, John I
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Zagan. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his father, Henry VI.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X. Besides, Henry X's uncle, Henry VII, was also known as Rumpold
- ^ He was the first Wenceslaus of Głogów-Żagań line
- ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Żagań, Henry VII Rumpold
- ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
- ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
- ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
- ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
- ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
- ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
- ^ He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I
- ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus I
- ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary Lower Silesian duke of Zagan, John I
- ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X Rumpold.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus II
- ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zator, Wenceslaus II
- ^ He was the first in Lower Silesia to bear this name.
- ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06
Bibliography[edit]
- Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403–407
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845–847
Sites[edit]
http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm