Duke of Silesia

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The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

At the beginning of the 14th century, fourteen independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.

Duchy of Silesia[edit]

The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wrocław/Lower Silesia.

Partitions of Silesia[edit]

In 1173 Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This led to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.

Lower Silesia[edit]

Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172–1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248. The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.

Upper Silesia[edit]

Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, and Opole-Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.

Piast Dukes of Silesia[edit]

Partitions of Polish Silesia under Piast dynasty[edit]

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

Duchy of Silesia
(1138–1163)
       Opole-Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
(1st creation)

(1163–1282)
                    
Wrocław
(Lower Silesia)
(1163–1335)
       Legnica
(1st creation)
(1241–1449)
       Opole
(1282–1521)[1]
Bytom
(1282–1357)
Racibórz
(1282–1340)
      
Głogów
(1st creation)
(1274–1331)
Oleśnica
(1312–1492)
Żagań
(1309–1504)
Świdnica-Jawor[2]
(1274–1392)
Ziębice
(1312–1442)
       Oświęcim
(1315–1457)
and Zator
(1445-1513)[3]
Annexed to Bohemia (1331-49)[4] Cieszyn
(1281–1653)
Annexed to Bohemia Shared inheritance of Żagań (1349-1480), with Swidnica-Jawor (1349-68), Bohemia (1368-84) and Cieszyn (1384-1480); full inheritance with Żagań (1480-88) Annexed to Bohemia
Recovered by Opole (1521)
       Lubin
(1342–1446)
       Brzeg
[5](1st creation)
(1342–1450)
Shared inheritance of Oleśnica (1357-1498) with Cieszyn (1357-1459); Full inheritance with Oleśnica (1459-98); Recovered by Opole
       Annexed to Bohemia
Part of Głogów (1446–82) Annexed to Bohemia Annexed to Opole Annexed to Bohemia
      
Annexed to Poland (1488)       
Annexed to Bohemia Legnica[6]
(2nd creation)
(1454–1672)
Brzeg[7]
(2nd creation)
(1488–1672)
      
Annexed to Saxony Opole-Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
(2nd creation)

(1521–1532)
Annexed to Poland
Annexed to Ansbach
Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire Annexed to the Holy Roman Empire

A quick reminder avoiding confusion:

Lower Silesia Upper Silesia

Table of rulers[edit]

Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort Death Notes
Ladislaus (II) the Exile 1105
First son of Boleslaus III of Poland and Salomea of Berg
28 October 1138 – 1146 Duchy of Silesia Agnes of Austria
1125
five children
30 May 1159
aged 53-54
Also monarch of Poland. Exiled by his half-brothers.
Boleslaus (IV) the Curly 1122
Second son of Boleslaus III of Poland and Salomea of Berg
1146 – 1163 Duchy of Silesia Viacheslava Vsevolodovna of Novgorod
1137
three children

Maria
c.1170
no children
5 January 1173
aged 50-51
Also Duke of Masovia and monarch of Poland.
Boleslaus I the Tall 1127
First son of Ladislaus II of Poland and Agnes of Austria
1163 – 8 December 1201 Duchy of Wrocław
(Lower Silesia)
Zvenislava Vsevolodovna of Kyiv
1142
two children

Christina
1157
seven children
8 December 1201
Wrocław
aged 73-74
Children of Ladislaus II of Poland, divided their inheritance in Silesia.
Mieszko I Tanglefoot 1130
Second son of Ladislaus II of Poland and Agnes of Austria
1163 – 6 May 1211 Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
Ludmila
c.1175
five children
6 May 1211
aged 80-81
Henry I the Bearded 1165
Głogów
Son of Boleslaus I and Christina
8 December 1201 – 19 March 1238 Duchy of Wrocław
(Lower Silesia)
Hedwig of Merania
1188
seven children
19 March 1238
Krosno Odrzańskie
aged 72-73
Also monarch of Poland.
Casimir I 1179
Son of Mieszko I and Ludmila
6 May 1211 – 13 May 1230 Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
Viola
c.1215
four children
13 May 1230
aged 50-51
Regencies of Viola (1230-1233), Henry I, Duke of Wrocław (1233–1238) and Henry II, Duke of Wrocław (1238–1239)
Mieszko II the Fat 1220
First son of Casimir I and Viola
13 May 1230 – 22 October 1246 Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
Judith of Masovia
c.1240
no children
22 October 1246
aged 25-26
Hedwig of Merania 1174
Andechs
Son of Boleslaus I and Christina
19 March 1238 – 15 October 1243 Duchy of Wrocław
(at Niemcza)
Henry I
1188
seven children
15 October 1243
Trzebnica Abbey
aged 68-69
Heirs of Henry I. His widow kept a seat at the town of Niemcza, while his son inherited the main duchy, and was also monarch of Poland.
Henry II the Pious 1196
Son of Henry I and Hedwig of Merania
19 March 1238 – 9 April 1241 Duchy of Wrocław
(Lower Silesia)
Anna of Bohemia
1216
ten children
9 April 1241
Legnickie Pole
aged 44-45
Regency of Anna of Bohemia (1241–1242) Children of Henry II, ruled initially under regency of their mother, and jointly until 1248, whe they made official the division of their inheritance.
Boleslaus II the Bald 1220
First son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia
9 April 1241 – 31 December 1278 Duchy of Legnica Hedwig of Anhalt
1242
seven children

Euphemia of Pomerelia
1261
(annulled 1277)
no children

Sophia of Dyhrn
1277
(morganatic)
no children
31 December 1278
Legnica
aged 57-58
Henry III the White[8] 1222
Third son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia
9 April 1241 – 3 December 1266 Duchy of Wrocław Judith of Masovia
2 June 1252
two children

Helena of Saxony
c.1255/60?
no children
3 December 1266
aged 43-44
Conrad I[9] 1228
Fourth son of Henry II and Anna of Bohemia
9 April 1241 – 6 August 1274 Duchy of Głogów Salome of Greater Poland
1249
six children

Sophie of Landsberg
1271
no children
6 August 1274
Głogów
aged 45-46
Ladislaus I 1225
Second son of Casimir I and Viola
22 October 1246 – 13 September 1282 Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
(Upper Silesia)
Euphemia of Greater Poland
1251
five children
13 September 1282
Racibórz
aged 56-57
In 1282 Opole-Racibórz was divided in various duchies, to the four sons of Władysław.
Henry IV the Righteous[10] 1257
Son of Henry III and Judith of Masovia
3 December 1266 – 23 June 1290 Duchy of Wrocław Constance of Opole
March 1280
no children

Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
c. 1288
no children
23 June 1290
Wrocław
aged 32-33
Also monarch of Poland. Left no descendants, and his portion reverted to his cousin from Legnica.
Wroclaw temporarily annexed to Legnica
Henry III[8][11] 1251
First son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland
6 August 1274 – 9 December 1309 Duchy of Głogów Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
March 1291
nine children
9 December 1309
aged 57-58
Children of Conrad I, divided their inheritance. In 1284, the younger brothers exchanged properties, but, as none left descendants, both were reunited with the main duchy of Głogów.
Conrad II the Hunchback[12] 1252
Second son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland
6 August 1274 – 11 October 1304 Duchy of Głogów
(at Ścinawa until 1284; in Żagań since 1284)
Unmarried 11 October 1304
aged 51-52
Przemko [Premislaus] I[13] 1255
Third son of Conrad I and Salome of Greater Poland
6 August 1274 – 26 February 1289 Duchy of Głogów
(at Żagań; in Ścinawa since 1284)
26 February 1289
aged 33-34
Zagan and Scinawa remerged in Glogow
Henry V the Fat[14] 1248
First son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt
31 December 1278 – 22 February 1296 Duchy of Legnica[15] Elisabeth of Greater Poland
1277
eight children
22 February 1296
aged 47-48
Children of Boleslaus II, divided their inheritance. In 1290, after the death of his childless cousin Henry IV, Henry V also inherited Wrocław. In 1296, after Henry V's death, Bolko was appointed regent for his nephews.
Bolko I [Boleslaus I] the Strict[16] 1252
Second son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt
31 December 1278 – 9 November 1301 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
4 October 1284
Berlin
ten children
9 November 1301
Legnica
aged 48-49
Bernard I the Lightsome 1253
Third son of Boleslaus II and Hedwig of Anhalt
31 December 1278 – 25 April 1286 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
(at Lwówek Śląski)
Unmarried 25 April 1286
aged 32-33
Lwówek annexed to Świdnica-Jawor
Mieszko I[17] 1252
First son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland
13 September 1282 – 27 June 1315 Duchy of Cieszyn Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?)
between 1275 and 1280
three children
27 June 1315
aged 62-63
Children of Ladislaus I, divided their inheritance.
Casimir[18] 1253
Second son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland
13 September 1282 – 10 March 1312 Duchy of Bytom Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?)
c.1275
six children
10 March 1312
aged 58-59
Bolko [Boleslaus] I[19] October 1258
Third son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland
13 September 1282 – 13 May 1313 Duchy of Opole Agnes (of Brandenburg?)
c.1280
three children
14 May 1313
aged 54
Premislaus 12 June 1268
Fourth son of Ladislaus I and Euphemia of Greater Poland
13 September 1282 – 7 May 1306 Duchy of Racibórz Anna of Masovia
c.1290
three children
7 May 1306
aged 37
Regencies of Bolko I, Duke of Świdnica-Jawor (1296–1301), Heinrich of Würben (1301–02) and Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (1302–05) Children of Henry V, ruled under regency until 1305, and divided their inheritance. Boleslaus received Legnica together with Ladislaus. Shortly after,Ladislaus was excluded from government. In 1342, abdicated of the majority of the duchy to his sons, and ruled in Brzeg, which he left to his widow. Henry received Wrocław, but, having no male heirs, signed, in 1327, a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death Wrocław fell to Bohemia.
Boleslaus III the Generous 23 September 1291
First son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland
22 February 1296 – 21 April 1352 Duchy of Legnica
(only in the Duchy of Brzeg since 1342)
Margaret of Bohemia
1318
three children

Catharina Šubić
1326
no children
21 April 1352
Brzeg
aged 60
Ladislaus I 6 June 1296
Third son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland
22 February 1296 – 1312 Duchy of Legnica Anna of Masovia
1325
(annulled 1329)
no children
January 1352
aged 55
Henry VI the Good[20] 18 March 1294
Second son of Henry V and Elisabeth of Greater Poland
22 February 1296 – 24 November 1335 Duchy of Wrocław Anna of Austria
1310
three children
24 November 1335
Wrocław
aged 41
Wrocław annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Regency of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1301–1305) Children of Bolko/Boleslaus I the Strict, divided their inheritance. Bolko was under his elder brother tutelage until his majority, attained in 1322. Henry annexed Głogów in 1337, which he recovered from Bohemia. However, after Henry's death, Głogów returns to Bohemian control; Jawor also returns to Swidnica.
Bernard II the Stable 1291
First son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
9 November 1301 – 6 May 1326 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
(in Świdnica)
Kunigunde of Poland
1310
five children
6 May 1326
aged 34-35
Henry I[21] 1292
Second son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
9 November 1301 – 15 May 1346 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
(in Jawor and Duchy of Głogów since 1337)
Agnes of Bohemia
1316
no children
15 May 1346
aged 53-54
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[22] 1 February 1300
Third son of Bolko I [Boleslaus I] and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
9 November 1301 – 11 June 1341 Duchy of Ziębice Bonne-Judith of Savoy-Vaud
21 November 1321
two children
11 June 1341
Ziębice
aged 41
Jawor was reincorporated in Swidnica
Głogów was re-annexed to Bohemia
Regency of Mieszko I, Duke of Cieszyn (1306-1308) After his death without descendants in 1336, Raciborz was inherited by his sister.
Leszek 1292
Son of Premislaus and Anna of Masovia
7 May 1306 – 1336 Duchy of Racibórz Agnes of Głogów-Żagań
1332
no children
1336
aged 43-44
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1276
Daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Alessina of Montferrat
9 December 1309 – 26 April 1318 Duchy of Głogów Henry III
March 1291
nine children
26 April 1318
aged 41-42
Heirs of Henry III. The widow received the main part of the duchy (Głogów), while their sons divided their inheritance. Henry IV stayed with Przemko in Zagan, John received Scinawa, and Conrad and Boleslaus inherited Oleśnica jointly. In 1318, Przemko assumed his mother's inheritance at Głogów. After the childless death of Przemko II, it was stipulated that his widow should succeed him, but financial complications led the duchy's temporary annexation the Kingdom of Bohemia. After John's death, Scinawa was partitioned between Swidnica-Jawor and Zagan.
Henry IV the Faithful[23] 1292
First son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
9 December 1309 – 22 January 1342 Duchy of Żagań Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
5 January 1310
four children
22 January 1342
Żagań
aged 49-50
Conrad I[24] 1294
Second son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
9 December 1309 – 22 December 1366 Duchy of Oleśnica
(with Duchy of Bytom Half A, since 1357, jure uxoris)
Elisabeth of Wroclaw
10 January 1322
no children

Euphemia, Duchess of Bytom
2 March 1333
two children
22 December 1366
aged 71-72
Boleslaus 1295
Third son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
9 December 1309 – April 1321 Unmarried April 1321
aged 25-26
John 1298
Fourth son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
9 December 1309 – 19 May 1365 Duchy of Głogów
(at Ścinawa)
Margaret of Pomerania-Wolgast
14 January 1316
no children
19 May 1365
aged 66-67
Przemko [Premislaus] II[25] 1305
Fifth son of Henry III and Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
26 April 1318 – 11 January 1331 Duchy of Głogów
(at Duchy of Żagań in 1309–1318)
Constance of Świdnica
1326
no children
11 January 1331
aged 25-26
Głogów was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1331–1337) and to the Jawor portion of Świdnica-Jawor (1337–1346); a new annexation followed, to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1346–1349/60). In 1349 Henry V of Iron (son of Henry the Fatithful) recovered half of the inheritance of his uncle Przemko in Głogów from Bohemia; the other half was given to Przemko II's widow, Constance, in 1360, passed to her brother Bolko II of Swidnica, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn.
Scinawa was divided in 1365; half of it was inherited to Zagan and in 1395 sold to Olesnica; the other part was inherited by Swidnica, and passed briefly to Bohemia before being annexed to Cieszyn.
Ladislaus[26] 1277
Second son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?)
10 March 1312 – 8 September 1352 Duchy of Bytom
(in Koźle until 1316; at Bytom proper since 1316)
Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
21 September 1308
two children

Ludgarda of Mecklenburg
6 October 1328
six children
8 September 1352
age 74-75
Children of Casimir, divided their inheritance. In 1316, Siemowit, the middle brother, exchanged the main duchy with the eldest, and took a smaller town for himself;
George 1300
Fourth son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?)
10 March 1312 – 1327 Unmarried 1327
age 26-27
Siemowit 1292
Third son of Casimir and Helena Lvovna of Halych-Volhynia (?)
10 March 1312 – July 1342 Duchy of Bytom
(in Bytom proper until 1316; at Gliwice since 1316[27])
July 1342
age 49-50
Gliwice and Kozle returned to Bytom
Boleslaus I the Elder 1293
First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes
13 May 1313 – 21 June 1356 Duchy of Opole
(at Niemodlin)
Euphemia of Wrocław
29 October 1325
eight childrend
21 March 1365
aged 71-72
Children of Bolko I, divided their inheritance.
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[19] c.1295?
Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes
13 May 1313 – 21 June 1356 Duchy of Opole Elisabeth of Świdnica
6 May 1326
seven children

Margaret (?)
one child
21 June 1356
aged 60-61?
Albert c.1305?
Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] I and Agnes
13 May 1313 – 25 September 1375 Duchy of Opole
(at Strzelce)
Agnes of Hardegg
1347
one child
25 September 1375
aged 69-70?
Ladislaus I[26] 1275
First son of Mieszko I and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?)
27 June 1315 – 15 May 1324 Duchy of Oświęcim Euphrosyne of Masovia
1304
two children
15 May 1324
aged 48-49
Children of Mieszko I, divided their inheritance.
Casimir I 1280
Second son of Mieszko I and Grimislava Vsevolodovna of Belz (?)
27 June 1315 – 29 September 1358 Duchy of Cieszyn Euphemia of Masovia
1321
nine children
29 September 1358
aged 77-78
Regency of Euphrosyne of Masovia (1324–1325)
John I the Scholastic 1308
Son of Ladislaus I and Euphrosyne of Masovia
15 May 1324 – September 1372 Duchy of Oświęcim Unknown
one child

Salomea Reuss of Plauen
July 1359
three children
September 1372
aged 63-64
Bolko [Boleslaus] II the Small[28] 1312
First son of Bernard II and Kunigunde of Poland
6 May 1326 – 28 July 1368 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
(in Świdnica; at Jawor since 1346; in Duchy of Brzeg Half B since 1358, and Duchy of Głogów Half B since 1361)
Agnes of Austria
1 June 1338
no children
28 July 1368
Świdnica
aged 55-56
Sons of Bernard II, ruled jointly until Henry's death in 1343. In 1346, after his uncle Henry I's death with no male heirs, he reunites Świdnica-Jawor in one duchy. Bolko also bought half of Brzeg in 1358. Brother of Constance, widow duchess of Głogów, inherited part of the duchy from her. After his death in 1368, the half of Głogów returned the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the half of Brzeg to Louis the Fair.
Henry II 1316
Second son of Bernard II and Kunigunde of Poland
6 May 1326 – 28 June 1345 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
(in Świdnica)
Catharina of Hungary
1 June 1338
one child
28 June 1345
Kamienna Góra
aged 28-29
Annexation of Half B of Glogow to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1368–1384)
Half A annexed to Lubin
Anna 1298
Daughter of Premislaus and Anna of Masovia
1336 – 21 August 1340 Duchy of Racibórz Nicholas II, Duke of Opava
1318
six children
21 August 1340
aged 41-42
Her husband claimed the duchy, and she managed to inherit it.
Racibórz annexed to the Duchy of Opava (1306–1521)
Nicholas the Small 1327
Son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Bonne-Judith of Savoy-Vaud
11 June 1341 – 23 April 1358 Duchy of Ziębice Agnes of Lichtenburk
23 October 1343
six children
23 April 1358
in Hungary
aged 30-31
Henry V of Iron[29] 1319
Son of Henry IV and Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
22 January 1342 – 13 April 1369 Duchy of Żagań
(with Duchy of Głogów Half A since 1349)
Anna of Płock
6 September 1337
five children
13 April 1369
aged 49-50
Children of Henry IV, divided their inheritance. In 1349, Henry V annexed half of the previous Duchy of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be annexed by Żagań line of the Piasts. As for Agnes, she "legitimized" the pledge of Lubin that her uncle John, Duke of Ścinawa had made in 1337 with Boleslaus III the Generous, by marrying (secondly) Boleslaus' son. In this perspective, she can be considered the heiress of Lubin.
Agnes 1321
Daughter of Henry IV and Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
22 January 1342 – 7 July 1362 Duchy of Lubin Leszek, Duke of Racibórz
1332
no children

Louis I
18 November 1341
six children
7 July 1362
aged 40-41
Wenceslaus I 1318
First son of Boleslaus III and Margaret of Bohemia
1342 – 2 June 1364 Duchy of Legnica Anna of Cieszyn
1338
five children
2 June 1364
aged 45-46
Sons of Boleslaus III, divided their inheritance within their father's life. Louis was already ruling in Lubin, while Wenceslaus did the same in Legnica. In 1358, Louis inherited half of Brzeg from his stepmother Catharina (see below). Reunited Brzeg after the death of the owner of the other part, Bolko the Small (1368).
Louis I the Fair 1321
Second son of Boleslaus III and Margaret of Bohemia
22 January 1342 – 23 December 1398 Duchy of Lubin
(jure uxoris; with Duchy of Brzeg Half A since 1358; in the whole duchy since 1368))
Agnes of Głogów-Żagań
18 November 1341
six children
23 December 1398
aged 76-77
Catharina Šubić c.1310?
Daughter of Mladen III Šubić, Lord of Bribir and Jelena Nemanjić
21 April 1352 – February 1358 Duchy of Brzeg Boleslaus III
1326
no children
February 1358
Brzeg
aged 47-48?
Inherited Brzeg from her husband. After her death the duchy was divided between Louis the Fair (her stepson) and Bolko the Small from Swidnica-Jawor.
Brzeg divided between Lubin and Swidnica-Jawor
Boleslaus 1330
Son of Ladislaus and Ludgarda of Mecklenburg
8 September 1352 – 4 October 1355 Duchy of Bytom 14 February 1347
three children
4 October 1355
aged 24-25
Son of Ladislaus, Boleslaus left his duchy to his widow Margareta after his death. In 1357, after two years of war for the duchy, a settlement was made; Margareta abdicated of the duchy, which was split between its heiresses.
Margareta of Sternberg c.1330
Daughter of Jaroslav of Sternberg and Margareta of Bílina
4 October 1355 – 8 December 1357 Duchy of Bytom June 1365
aged 34-35
Ladislaus II Naderspan[30] 1332
First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica
21 June 1356 – 18 May 1401
(only de jure from 1396)
Duchy of Opole Elisabeth of Wallachia
c. 1355
three children

Euphemia of Masovia
1369
two children
18 May 1401
Opole
aged 68-69
Children of Bolko II, ruled jointly. In 1375, Bolko III was Albert of Strzelce's heir, and split Strzelce from Opole again, leaving the main duchy for his elder brother Ladislaus.
Henry[31] August? 1338
Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica
21 June 1356 – October 1365 Unmarried October 1365
aged 27?
Bolko [Boleslaus] III[32] 1337
Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] II and Elisabeth of Świdnica
21 June 1356 – 21 October 1382 Duchy of Opole
(at Strzelce since 1375)
Anna of Oświęcim
c. 1355
five children
21 October 1382
aged 44-45
Euphemia (I) c.1310
Daughter of Ladislaus and Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
8 December 1357 – 3 January 1378 Duchy of Bytom
(half A)
Conrad I, Duke of Oleśnica
2 March 1333
two children
3 January 1378
aged 67-68
In 1357, the duchy was divided between heiresses, one annexed by the Duchy of Oleśnica, the other annexed by the Duchy of Cieszyn, and a third part, ruled by the duke of Niemodlin jure uxoris was also annexed to Oleśnica.
Elisabeth 1347
First daughter of Boleslaus and Margareta of Sternberg
8 December 1357 – 1374 Duchy of Bytom
(half B)
Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn
1360
three children
1374
aged 26-27
Euphemia (II) c.1350
Second daughter of Boleslaus and Margareta of Sternberg
8 December 1357 – 26 August 1411 Duchy of Bytom
(at Gliwice)
Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn
1364
no children

Bolko [Boleslaus] III, Duke of Ziębice
1369
eight children
26 August 1411
aged 60-61
Bytom divided between the duchies of Oleśnica and Cieszyn
Regency of Agnes of Lichtenburk (1358-1360) Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly.
Bolko [Boleslaus] III[32] 1348
Ziębice
First son of Nicholas and Agnes of Lichtenburk
23 April 1358 – 13 June 1410 Duchy of Ziębice Euphemia of Bytom, Duchess of Gliwice
1369
eight children
13 June 1410
Ziębice
aged 61-62
Henry I[33] 1350
Ziębice
Second son of Nicholas and Agnes of Lichtenburk
23 April 1358 – August 1366 Unmarried August 1366
Ziębice
aged 15-16
Premislaus I Noszak 13 February 1334
Cieszyn
Son of Casimir I and Euphemia of Masovia
29 September 1358 – 23 May 1410 Duchy of Cieszyn
(with Duchy of Bytom Half B since 1359, jure uxoris, and Duchy of Głogów Half B in 1384-1404 and 1406-1410)
Elisabeth, Duchess of Bytom
1360
three children
23 May 1410
Cieszyn
aged 76
In 1384 recovered part of the Lower Silesian duchy of Głogów from Bohemia. Abdicated of Głogów for his son, Premislaus, in 1404, but recovered it in 1406.
Constance of Świdnica 1313
Daughter of Bernard II, Duke of Świdnica and Kunigunde of Poland
1360 – 1361 Duchy of Głogów
(Half B)
Przemko [Premislaus] II
1326
no children
21 November 1363
aged 49-50
In 1360 Half B of Głogów reemerges as Constance, widow of Przemko II; recovers half of the dowry that was left by her husband; however, she quickly gives it to her brother, Bolko II the Small.
Half B of Głogów was annexed to Swidnica-Jawor, then, in 1368, to Bohemia, and, in 1384, it was bought by the Duchy of Cieszyn.
Rupert I 27 March 1347 1364–1409 before 12 January 1409 Legnica Hedwig of Zagan
10 February 1372
two children
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly.
Wenceslaus II 1348 1364–1413 30 December 1419 Legnica Unmarried
Boleslaus IV 1349 1364–1394 3/4 March 1394 Legnica Unmarried
Henry VIII[34] 1355 1364–1398 12 December 1398 Legnica Unmarried
Boleslaus II 1326
First son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław
21 March 1365 – 25 June 1368 Duchy of Opole
(at Niemodlin)
Unmarried 25 June 1368
aged 41-42
Children of Boleslaus the Elder of Niemodlin, ruled jointly, and none left descendants.
Wenceslaus 1336
Second son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław
21 March 1365 – June 1369 Euphemia of Bytom, Duchess of Gliwice
1364
no children
June 1369
aged 32-33
Henry c.1350
Third son of Boleslaus I and Euphemia of Wrocław
21 March 1365 – 14 September 1382 Catharina of Moravia
c.1370
no children
14 September 1382
aged 31-32
Niemodlin annexed to Strzelce
Conrad II the Gray[35] 1340
Son of Conrad I and Euphemia of Bytom
22 December 1366 – 10 June 1403 Duchy of Oleśnica
(with Duchy of Bytom Half A
Agnes of Cieszyn
23 February 1354
one child
10 June 1403
Trzebnica
aged 62-63
Agnes of Austria 1322
Vienna
Daughter of Leopold I, Duke of Austria and Catherine of Savoy
28 July 1368 – 2 February 1392 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor Bolko [Boleslaus] II
1 June 1338
no children
2 February 1392
Świdnica
aged 69-70
Widow, succeeded her husband according to his will. After her death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Swidnica-Jawor annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Henry VI the Elder[36] before 1345 1369–1393 5 December 1393 Żagań
(in Głogów Half A until 1378)
Hedwig of Legnica
10 February 1372
no children
Sons of Henry V, ruled jointly until 1378. In that year, they made partitions: Henry VI retained Żagań and Henry VII the half of Głogów. Henry VIII received a few towns, but he eventually succeeded his heirless brother Henry VII in 1395.
Henry VII Rumpold[37] 1350 1369–1395 24 December 1395 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań until 1378)
Unmarried
Henry VIII the Sparrow[38] 1357 1369–1378

1395–1397
14 March 1397 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań until 1378)
Catherine of Opole
1382
five children
John II 1344
Son of John I
September 1372 – 19 February 1376 Duchy of Oświęcim Hedwig of Brzeg
1366
three children
19 February 1376
aged 31-32
Regency of Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1376-c.1380) Left no descendants. The duchy went to a son of Premislaus Noszak.
John III 1366
Son of John II and Hedwig of Brzeg
19 February 1376 – 19 August 1405 Duchy of Oświęcim Hedwig of Lithuania
1394
no children
19 August 1405
aged 38-39
Jan Kropidło 1360
First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim
21 October 1382 – 3 March 1421 Duchy of Opole
(at Strzelce and Niemodlin until 1401; in Opole as regent since 1396; officially since 1401)
Unmarried 3 March 1421
Opole
aged 60-61
Children of Bolko III, ruled first jointly, and after their uncle Ladislaus's resignation and death (1396-1401), they divided their whole inheritance.
Bolko [Boleslaus] IV[39] 1363
Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim
21 October 1382 – 6 May 1437 Margaret of Gorizia
1398
five children
6 May 1437
aged 73-74
Henry II 1374
Third son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim
21 October 1382 – 22 December 1394 Duchy of Opole
(at Strzelce and Niemodlin)
Unmarried 22 December 1394
aged 19-20
Bernard[40] 1378
Fourth son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Anna of Oświęcim
21 October 1382 – 1450 Hedwig of Melsztyń
two children
2/4 April 1455
aged 76-77
Hedwig of Legnica 1351 1393–1403 1 August 1409 Żagań Henry VI the Elder
10 February 1372
no children
Widow of Henry VI.
Catherine of Opole 16 March 1367 1397–1420 6 June 1420 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Prudnik, Kożuchów and Zielona Góra)
Henry VIII the Sparrow
1382
five children
Ruled in her dowry lands, which reverted to her sons after her death.
John I[41] 1385 1403–1439 12 April 1439 Żagań
(in Głogów Half A 1397–1412)
Scholastika of Saxe-Wittenberg
c.1405
ten children
Sons of Henry VIII, ruled jointly in the half of Głogów, inherited from their uncle Henry VIII. In 1403 inherited Żagań from their mother Hedwig. In 1412 divided the land between them. After the partition, John ruled alone in Żagań, and the other brothers continued the joint rule in Głogów. With the abdication of Wenceslaus and the death of Henry X, Henry IX became sole ruler from 1423. In 1446 he inherited Lubin.
Henry IX the Elder[42] 1387 1397–1467 11 November 1467 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Hedwig of Oleśnica
c. 1432
six children
Henry X Rumpold[43] 1390 1397–1423 18 January 1423 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus I[44] 1391 1397–1417 before 4 February 1431 Głogów
(Half A)
(in Żagań 1403–1412)
Unmarried
Henry VII the Courageous[45] 1343
Son of Louis I and Agnes
23 December 1398 – 11 July 1399 Duchy of Lubin
(with Duchy of Brzeg)
Helena of Orlamünde
1369
one child

Margaret of Masovia
July 1379
two children
11 July 1399
aged 55-56
Co-ruled with his father since 1361.
Henry IX[42] 1369
Son of Henry VII and Helena of Orlamünde
11 July 1399 – 10 July 1420 Duchy of Lubin
(with the whole Duchy of Brzeg until 1400; in Olawa since 1400)
Anna of Cieszyn
20 September 1396
six children
10 July 1420
aged 50-51
Children of Henry VII, divided their inheritance. Brzeg was exchanged between the brothers in 1400 (Henry gave it to Louis). However, Oława (in Brzeg) remained in Henry IX's posession. In 1413, Legnica was inherited by Louis II.
Louis II 1380
Son of Henry VII and Margaret of Masovia
11 July 1399 – 30 May 1436 Duchy of Brzeg
(in Chojnów; in Brzeg proper since 1400; with Duchy of Legnica since 1413)
Hedwig Zapólya
before 14 August 1409
no children

Elisabeth of Brandenburg
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children
30 May 1436
aged 55-56
Conrad III the Old 1359
Son of Conrad II and Agnes of Cieszyn
10 June 1403 – 28 December 1412 Duchy of Oleśnica
(with Duchy of Bytom Half A)
Judith
(d.24 June 1416)
c.1380
seven children
28 December 1412
aged 52-53
Premislaus The Younger 1362
First son of Premislaus I and Elisabeth of Bytom
19 August 1405 – 1 January 1406 Duchy of Oświęcim
(in the Duchy of Głogów Half B in 1404-1406)
Unknown
one child
1 January 1406
aged 43-44
Received, in his father's lifetime, the duchy of Głogów. In the next year also inherited Oświęcim from John III. Preceded his father in death, but left descendants to rule in Oświęcim, while Głogów returned to his father.
Regencies of Premislaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1406-1410) and Boleslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn (1410-1414)
Casimir I 1396
Son of Premislaus the Younger
1 January 1406 – 7 April 1434 Duchy of Oświęcim Anna of Zagan
1417
three children

Margareta of Racibórz
1433
no children
7 April 1434
aged 37-38
Boleslaus I 1363
Second son of Premislaus I and Elisabeth of Bytom
23 May 1410 – 6 May 1431 Duchy of Cieszyn
(with Duchy of Głogów Half B and Duchy of Bytom Half B)
Margareta of Opava
1 January 1406
no children

Euphemia of Masovia
20 November 1412
five children
6 May 1431
aged 67-68
John I 1380
First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom
13 June 1410 – 27 August 1428 Duchy of Ziębice Elizabeth Lackfi
19 March 1408
one child
27 August 1428
Stary Wielisław
aged 47-48
Children of Bolko III, ruled jointly.
Henry II 1396
Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom
13 June 1410 – 11 March 1420 Unmarried 11 March 1420
in Livonia
aged 23-24
Conrad IV the Elder 1384
First son of Conrad III and Judith
28 December 1412 – 9 August 1447 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in the whole duchy, plus Duchy of Bytom Half A until 1416; in Kąty, Bierutów, Prudnik and Syców from 1416)
Unmarried 9 August 1447
Jelcz
aged 62-63
In 1416, abdicated to his younger brothers, but not without retaining some towns for himself.
Conrad V Kantner 1385
Oleśnica or Kąty (?)[46]
Second son of Conrad III and Judith
1412 – 10 September 1439 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Oleśnica, Milicz, Prusice,[47] Trzebnica, Wasosz, Zmigrod and Wołów,[48] with Duchy of Bytom Half A)
Margaret (?)
9 October 1411
five children
10 September 1439
aged 53-54
Younger brothers of Conrad IV, divided their domains; Conrad VI left his possessions to his younger brother Conrad VIII, and Conrad V did the same to his brother Conrad VII, who ended up inheriting all of his brothers' possessions (Conrad V's in 1439, Conrad VI and VIII's in 1444, and Conrad IV's in 1447). In 1450, Conrad VII, now ruling alone, abdicated of all his possessions to his nephews and heirs.
Conrad VI the Dean 1391
Oleśnica
Third son of Conrad III and Judith
1416 – 3 September 1427 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Ścinawa,[49] Lubiąż and Wołów[48])
Unmarried 3 September 1427
aged 35-36
Conrad VII the White 1396
Oleśnica
Fourth son of Conrad III and Judith
1416 – 1450 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Koźle, Gliwice and Prusice;[47] in the whole duchy from 1447)
Katharina (?)
2 February 1437
no children

Dorothea of Warsaw?
7 March 1450
no children
14 February 1452
Wrocław
aged 55-56
Conrad VIII the Younger 1397
Oleśnica
Fifth son of Conrad III and Judith
1416 – 5 September 1444 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Rudna; at Ścinawa and Lubiąż since 1427)
Unmarried 5 September 1444
aged 46-47
Rupert II 1396
First son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn
10 July 1420 – 24 August 1431 Duchy of Lubin
(at Lubin proper)
Unmarried 24 August 1431
aged 34-35
Children of Henry IX, divided their possessions. Wenceslaus kept Olawa and Rupert ruled in Lubin. Louis, the younger son, ascended later, reuniting the possessions of his brothers.
Wenceslaus III 1400
Second son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn
10 July 1420 – 28 May 1423 Duchy of Lubin
(at Oława)
28 May 1423
aged 22-23
Louis III c.1405
Third son of Henry IX and Anna of Cieszyn
28 May 1423 – June 1441 Duchy of Lubin
(at Oława; in Lubin since 1431)
Margareta of Opole
c.1423
two children
June 1441
aged 35-36
Euphemia 1385
Daughter of Bolko [Boleslaus] III and Euphemia of Bytom
27 August 1428 – 1443[50] Duchy of Ziębice Frederick III, Count of Oettingen
1397
nine children
17 November 1447
aged 57-58
Faced opposition to her succession by the Častolovice family, with whom she had to negotiate her succession. Despite being in Ziebice/Munsterberg since the death of her husband (1423) and prior to her brother's death (1428), and being cited as Euphemia...Herczoginne czu Monstirbergk in 1429,[51] only in 1435 she saw her rights recognized by Bohemia. In 1443, after years of conflict, she abdicated to her nephew, the Duke of Opava, who was also married to a Častolovice heiress.
Ziębice was annexed to the Duchy of Opava
Regency of Euphemia of Masovia (1431–1442) Divided their inheritance after the end of the regency of their mother. After Ladislaus' death, Premislaus retained co-rulership in Cieszyn, with his brother Wenceslaus, and in Głogów, associated with his widowed sister-in-law. Wenceslaus inherited the half of Bytom the family had, exchanging it with his brother Boleslaus, but returning to him after Boleslaus death shortly after the exchange. Wenceslaus resigned this half in 1459, returning it to Olesnica, which reunited Bytom under Olesnica rule.
Wenceslaus I[52] 1413
First son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava
6 May 1431 – 1468 Duchy of Cieszyn
(with Duchy of Bytom Half B 1431-1452 and 1452-1459)
Elisabeth of Brandenburg
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children
1474
aged 60-61
Ladislaus I 1420
Second son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava
6 May 1431 – 14 February 1460 Duchy of Głogów
(Half B)
Margareta of Celje
December 1444
no children
14 February 1460
aged 39-40
Premislaus II 1422
Third son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava
6 May 1431 – 18 March 1477 Duchy of Cieszyn
(with Duchy of Głogów Half B since 1460[53])
Anna of Warsaw
c.1465
one child
18 March 1477
aged 54-55
Boleslaus II 1425
Fourth son of Boleslaus I and Margareta of Opava
6 May 1431 – 4 October 1452 Duchy of Cieszyn
(at Bielsko and Frysztat; in Duchy of Bytom Half B in 1452)
Anna of Bielsk
28 January 1448
three children
4 October 1452
aged 26-27
Wenceslaus I[54] 1418
First son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan
7 April 1434 – 28 July 1468 Duchy of Zator Margareta Kopczowski
c.1450
seven children
28 July 1468
aged 49-50
Children of Casimir I, divided their inheritance. The main duchy went to John IV, who sold it to Poland in 1456. However, Zator remained active for another generation.
Premislaus 1425
Second son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan
7 April 1434 – December 1484 Duchy of Oświęcim
(at Toszek)
Margaret of Opole
23 February 1463
one child
December 1484
aged 58-59
John IV 1426
Third son of Casimir I and Anna of Zagan
7 April 1434 – 11 October 1456 Duchy of Oświęcim
(at Oświęcim proper)
Catharina
30 December 1465
no children

Barbara of Karniów
c. 1475
one child
21 February 1497
aged 70-71
Oświęcim annexed to the Kingdom of Poland; Toszek annexed to Poland (1484-1495), and recovered by the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
Elisabeth of Brandenburg 29 September 1403
Daughter of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg and Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut
30 May 1436 – 31 October 1449 Duchy of Brzeg
(at Duchy of Legnica only since 1443)
Louis II
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children
31 October 1449
aged 45
Widow of Louis II. In 1443 is forced to give Brzeg to John I and Henry X of Lubin, reuniting the Lubin inheritance. After her death in 1449, Legnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Legnica annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1449–1454)
John I[55] 1410
Second son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia
6 May 1437 – 5 September 1439 Duchy of Opole
(with Duchy of Brzeg since 1450)
Unmarried 5 September 1439
aged 28-29
Children of Bolko IV, ruled jointly. After John's death in 1439, Nicholas ruled alone. In 1450 Nicholas bought Brzeg, possibly in virtue of his marriage.
Nicholas I 1424
Fourth son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia
6 May 1437 – 3 July 1476 Magdalena of Brzeg
February 1442
ten children
3 July 1476
aged 51-52
Margaret c.1390?
?
10 September 1439 – 15 March 1449 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Wołów)
Conrad V
9 October 1411
five children
15 March 1449
aged 58-59?
Widow of Conrad V, inherited Wołów as dowry, which after her death reverted, similarly to the rest of Conrad V's possessions, to Conrad VII.
Wołów remerged in Oleśnica
Balthasar 1415 1439–1461

1468–1472
15 July 1472 Żagań Agnes
before 1460
one child

Barbara of Cieszyn
11 September 1469
no children
Sons of John I, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus and John abdicated in 1449, and Balthasar ruled alone, but John came in 1461 and dethroned Balthasar. However the latter dethroned the usurper and ruled again. John put aside his brother in 1472 and ruled once again, but, in that year his duchy was annexed to Saxony. In 1476, John II inherits part of Glogow from his cousin Henry XI, and in 1480 reunites both parts of this duhcy. In 1482 lost Lubin for Legnica. In 1488 Głogów is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Rudolph 1418 1439–1454 18 September 1454 Żagań Unmarried
Wenceslaus[56] 1434 1439–1449 29 April 1488 Żagań Unmarried
John II the Mad 16 April 1435 1439–1449

1461–1468

1472
22 September 1504 Żagań Katharina of Opava
c.1462
five children
1476/1480–1482 Głogów
(both halves reunited 1480)
Annexation to the Duchy of Saxony
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Lubin, since 1446 part of Głogów, reverted to Legnica
Margareta of Opole 1412
Daughter of
June 1441 – 15 January 1454 Duchy of Lubin
(at Oława)
Louis III
1423
two children
15 January 1454
aged 41-42
Heirs of Louis III. Margareta inherited Olawa as a dower seat, and her children ruled jointly. In 1443 they inherited Brzeg from Elisabeth of Brandenburg, but, in 1446, due to the difficult financial situation, had to sell Lubin to the Duchy of Głogów. In 1450 Brzeg is also sold to Opole. Chojnow was the only main town kept by the brothers, and the one they left to Frederick I, John I's son. Olawa was also inherited by Frederick (Margareta's grandson). The duchy recentered, since 1454, around Legnica.
John I 1425
First son of Louis III and Margareta of Opole
June 1441 – November 1453 Duchy of Lubin
(at Chojnów; in Lubin proper until 1446; with Duchy of Brzeg since 1443)
Hedwig of Brzeg
February 1445
one child
November 1453
aged 27-28
Henry X[57] 1426
Second son of Louis III and Margareta of Opole
June 1441 – May 1452 Unmarried May 1452
aged 25-26
Olawa returned to Chojnów/Legnica; Lubin was bought by Henry IX the Elder, duke of Głogów
Brzeg was bought by duke Nicholas I of Opole
Bolko [Boleslaus] V the Hussite[39] c.1400
First son of Bolko [Boleslaus] IV and Margaret of Gorizia
1450 – 29 May 1460 Duchy of Opole
(at Strzelce and Niemodlin)
Elisabeth Granowski
1418
(annulled 1451)
one child

Hedwig Beess of Kujawy
27 June 1451
no children
29 May 1460
Głogówek
aged 59-60
Inherited his portion from his uncle, and left to his younger brothers the main duchy of Opole, leaving them his own lands after his death.
Niemodlin and Strzelce annexed to Opole
Conrad IX the Black 1415
First son of Conrad V and Margaret
1450 – 14 August 1471 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Oleśnica, Bierutów, Gliwice and Koźle, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)
Margareta of Rawa
1453
one child
14 August 1471
aged 55-56
Children of Conrad V, divided their inheritance. After Conrad IX's death, and save some exceptions (inherited by Conrad IX's widow and daughter), the majority of Conrad IX's inheritance went to Conrad X. Those excdptions eventually also ended uo in Conrad X's possession in 1478, reuniting all the duchy, which, after his death, was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Conrad X the White 1420
Second son of Conrad V and Margaret
1450 – 21 September 1492 Duchy of Oleśnica
(in Milicz, Prusice, Ścinawa, Syców, Wasosz, Zmigrod and Wołów; in the whole duchy since 1478)
Dorothea Reynkenberg
before 1492
(morganatic)
no children
21 September 1492
small>aged 71-72
Olesnica was annexed, in 1492, to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Regency of Hedwig of Brzeg (1453-1466) Frederick I was responsible for the recovery the patrimony lost to other polities: Legnica became independent from Bohemia in 1454. In the same year, Frederick inherited Olawa from his grandmother Margareta of Opole. In 1481 Frederick I of Legnica purchased Brzeg from Opole, and recovered Lubin from John the Mad in 1482.
Frederick I 3 May 1446
Brzeg
Son of John I and Hedwig of Brzeg
November 1453 – 9 May 1488 Duchy of Legnica
(at Chojnów; in Legnica proper and Oława since 1454; with Duchy of Lubin and Duchy of Brzeg since 1481))
Ludmila of Poděbrady
5 September 1474
three children
9 May 1488
Legnica
aged 42
Margareta of Celje 1411
Daughter of Herman III, Count of Celje, and Elisabeth of Abensberg
14 February 1460 – 22 July 1480 Duchy of Głogów
(Half B)
Herman I, Count of Montfort-Pfannberg
15 March 1430
four children

Ladislaus I
December 1444
no children
22 July 1480
aged 68-69
Widow of Ladislaus I, ruled with her brother-in-law Premislaus II, until his death in 1477, after ehich she continued her rule alone. After her death, both parts of Glogow were reunited.
Henry XI[58] 1435 1467–1476 22 February 1476 Głogów
(Half A)
Barbara of Brandenburg
11 October 1472
Berlin
no children
Son of Henry IX.
Casimir II c.1450
First son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski
28 July 1468 – 7 July 1490 Duchy of Zator Margaret of Karniów
12 August 1482
one child
7 July 1490
aged 39-40
Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. In 1490 John became sole ruler. In 1513, after John V's death with no descendants, the Duchy was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Wenceslaus II[59] c.1450
Second son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski
28 July 1468 – 1487 Unmarried 1487
aged 36-37
John V[60] c.1455
Third son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski
28 July 1468 – 17 September 1513 17 September 1513
aged 57-58
Ladislaus (II) c.1455
Fourth son of Wenceslaus I and Margareta Kopczowski
28 July 1468 – 21 September 1494 Anna
before 1488
one child
21 September 1494
aged 38-39
Zator annexed to the Kingdom of Poland
Margareta of Rawa 1441
Daughter of Siemowit V, Duke of Rawa and Margareta of Racibórz
14 August 1471 – 1475 Duchy of Oleśnica
(Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)
Conrad IX
1453
one child
1 September 1485
aged 43-44
Widow of Conrad IX, inherited part of the properties of her husband, which passed to her daughter.
Regency of Conrad X, Duke of Oleśnica (1475–1478) Deposed in 1478 by her regent and died in the next year. Her possessions, inherited from her mother, were inherited by her uncle.
Barbara 1465
Daughter of Conrad IX and Margareta of Rawa
1475 – 1478 Duchy of Oleśnica
(Oleśnica and Bierutów, with Duchy of Bytom Half A)
Unmarried 30 November 1479
aged 13-14
Barbara's possessions were inherited by her uncle Conrad X, who reunited Olesnica in 1478 (see above)
Louis 1450
First son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg
3 July – September 1476 Duchy of Opole
(until 1521; with Brzeg until 1481)

Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
(from 1521)
Unmarried September 1476
aged 25-26
Children of Nicholas I, ruled jointly. In 1481 they sold Brzeg to Frederick I of Legnica. From 1497, John ruled alone, purchasing back, in 1521, the lost Racibórz from Bohemia, and restoring the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz. However, as he left no descendants the duchy reverted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
John II the Good 1460
Second son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg
3 July 1476 – 27 March 1532 27 March 1532
aged 71-72
Nicholas II 1462
Third son of Nicholas I and Magdalena of Brzeg
3 July 1476 – 27 June 1497 27 June 1497
aged 34-35
Brzeg returned to Legnica
Opole-Racibórz annexed to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Casimir II 1449
Son of Boleslaus II and Anna of Bielsk
18 March 1477 – 13 December 1528 Duchy of Cieszyn Johanna of Poděbrady
15 February 1480
six children
13 December 1528
Cieszyn
aged 78-79
Father and son, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus predeceased his father and never came to rule alone.
Wenceslaus II[61] 1488
Cieszyn
Son of Casimir II and Johanna of Poděbrady
1518 – 17 November 1524 Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1 December 1518
three children
17 November 1524
Cieszyn
aged 35-36
Ludmila of Poděbrady 16 October 1446 1488–1503 20 January 1503 Brzeg Frederick I, Duke of Legnica
5 September 1474
three children
Widow of Frederick I. Received Brzeg as her dower, but also served as regent for her sons in Legnica.
Regency of Ludmila of Poděbrady (1488–95) Ruled jointly until the end of regency. John didn't reach adulthood. In 1503, after their mother's death, George inherited Brzeg from their mother, and Frederick became sole ruler of Legnica, which, after the childless death of George in 1521, was reunited with Brzeg.
John II 1477 1488–1495 6 March 1495 Legnica Unmarried
George I[62] 1481/3 1488–1521 30 May 1521 Brzeg
(with Lubin; in Legnica until 1505)
Anna of Pomerania
9 June 1516
no children
Frederick II the Great 12 February 1480 1488–1547 17 September 1547 Legnica Elisabeth of Poland-Lithuania
21 November 1515
one child

Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
14 November 1519
three children
1503–1505

1521–1547
Brzeg
Anna of Pomerania 1492 1521–1550 25 April 1550 Lubin George I
9 July 1516
no children
Inherited Lubin from her husband. As she didn't have children, the land passed, at her death, permanently to Legnica.
Annexation to Legnica
Regencies of Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1528–1539) and John III of Pernstein (1528–1545)
Wenceslaus III Adam December 1524
Cieszyn
Son of Wenceslaus II and Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach
13 December 1528 – 4 November 1579 Duchy of Cieszyn Maria of Pernstein
8 February 1540
three children

Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
25 November 1567
Cieszyn
six children
4 November 1579
Cieszyn
aged 54
Frederick Casimir December 1541
Cieszyn
Son of Wenceslaus III Adam and Maria of Pernstein
1560 – 4 May 1571 Catharina of Legnica
28 December 1563
Legnica
one child
4 May 1571
Cieszyn
aged 29
Son of Wenceslaus, co-ruled with him from 1560 but preceded his father in death.
Frederick III 22 February 1520 1547–1559 15 December 1570 Legnica (with Lubin) Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3 March 1538
Legnica
six children
Children of Frederick II, divided the land: Frederick III kept Legnica (and absorbed Lubin in 1550), and George II inherited Brzeg.
George II the Pious 18 July 1523 1547–1586 7 May 1586 Brzeg Barbara of Brandenburg
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children
Jointly with his brother Frederick II.
Henry XI[58] 23 February 1539 1559–1581 3 March 1588 Legnica Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach
11 November 1560
Legnica
six children
Catherine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 14 April 1518 1570–1581 17 November 1581 Legnica (at Chojnów) Frederick III
3 March 1538
Legnica
six children
Widow of Frederick III.
Regency of Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg (1579–1594)
Adam Wenceslaus 12 December 1574
Cieszyn
Son of Wenceslaus III Adam and Sidonia Catharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
4 November 1579 – 13 July 1617 Duchy of Cieszyn Elisabeth of Courland
17 September 1595
five children
13 July 1617
Cieszyn
aged 42
Frederick IV 20 April 1552 1581–1596 27 March 1596 Legnica Maria Sidonia of Cieszyn
20 January 1587
no children

Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
23 November 1589
no children

Anna of Württemberg
24 October 1594
no children
Barbara of Brandenburg 10 August 1527 1586–1595 2 January 1595 Brzeg George II
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children
Widow, ruled in Brzeg.
John George 17 June 1552 1586–1592 6 July 1592 Brzeg
(at Oława)
Anna of Württemberg
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children
Anna of Württemberg 17 June 1552 1592–1594 7 July 1616 Brzeg
(at Oława)
John George
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children

Frederick IV
24 October 1594
no children
She married twice, so in 1594 she was stripped from her duchy.
Joachim Frederick 29 September 1550 1586–1592

1594–1602
25 March 1602 Brzeg
(at Oława; in the entire Brzeg since 1595)
19 May 1577
Brzeg
six children
Initially co-ruler with his brother, John George, after his death the duchy went to his widow, which was stripped from her when she married again. He reunited Brzeg, and then reunited it with Legnica in 1596.
1596–1602 Legnica
Anna Maria of Anhalt 29 September 1550 1602–1605 14 November 1605 Brzeg
(at Oława)
Received Olawa after her husband's death. She also served as regent for her children in the other possessions of her husband. She did not do it by herself. She had co-rulership on her regency. After her death the regency was taken by the sister of Joachim Frederick, Elisabeth Magdalena, and her husband, who ruled until the brothers came of age, in 1609.
Regencies of Anna Maria of Anhalt (1602–05), Elisabeth Magdalena of Brzeg and Charles II of Poděbrady (1602–09) Sons of Joachim Frederick, ruled jointly until 1612. In that year they made partitions. George Rudolf received Legnica and John Christian Brzeg. George left no descendants, and was succeeded by his nephews.
George Rudolf 12 January 1595 1602–1653 14 January 1653 Legnica
(in Brzeg until 1612)
Sophia Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau
4 November 1614
Dessau
no children

Elisabeth Magdalena of Munsterberg
5 December 1624
no children
John Christian 28 August 1591 1602–1633 25 December 1639 Brzeg
(in Legnica until 1612)
Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg
12 December 1610
Berlin
thirteen children

Anna Hedwig Sitzsch
(morganatic)
13 September 1626
Brzeg
seven children
Regency of Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (1617–24)
Frederick William 9 November 1601
Cieszyn
Son of Adam Wenceslaus and Elisabeth of Courland
13 July 1617 – 13 August 1625 Duchy of Cieszyn Unmarried 19 August 1625
Cologne
aged 23
Elizabeth Lucretia 1 June 1599
Cieszyn
Daughter of Adam Wenceslaus and Elisabeth of Courland
13 August 1625 – 19 May 1653 Duchy of Cieszyn Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein
23 April 1618
no children
19 May 1653
Cieszyn
aged 53
After her death, Cieszyn was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Cieszyn efinitively annexed to the Holy Roman Empire
Louis IV 19 April 1616 1653–1663 24 November 1653 Legnica Anna Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
8 May 1649
Brzeg
one child
Sons of John Christian, ruled jointly in Legnica. George was already duke of Brzeg since his father's death. As George had no descendants, he was succeeded in his domains by his brother Christian. The latter, after his own death, left Oława for his widow, and the remaining lands were inherited by his own son.
George III 4 September 1611 1633–1664 4 July 1664 Brzeg Sophia Katharina of Munsterberg
23 February 1638
Bernstadt
one child

Elisabeth Marie Charlotte of Palatinate-Simmern-Kaiserslautern
19 October 1660
Brzeg
no children
1653–1654

1663–1664
Legnica
Christian 9 April 1618 1653–1654

1663–1672
28 February 1672 Legnica Louise of Anhalt-Dessau
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children
1664–1672 Brzeg
Regency of Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (1672–1675) Last male representative of the House of Piast. Died without descendants.
George William 29 September 1660 1672–1675 21 November 1675 Legnica and Brzeg Unmarried
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire
Louise of Anhalt-Dessau 10 February 1631 1672–1680 25 April 1680 Brzeg
(at Oława)
Christian
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children
Regional duchess in Brzeg, widow of Christian. After her death the Duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire

Přemyslid Dukes of Silesia[edit]

Partitions of Bohemian Silesia under Přemyslid dynasty[edit]

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

       Piast Ráciborz
(1282-1336)
      
Opava
(1269-1456)
(brief annexation to
Piast Legnica in 1308-11;
also in Ziębice 1443-56)
      
Ráciborz
(1378-1521)
Krnov
(1424-1493)
(brief annexation to
Hungary in 1474-90)
Glubczyce
(1433-1485)
      
Pledged to
Opole and
annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Bohemia
Annexed to
Opole

Table of rulers[edit]

Notes:
  • The numbering of the Silesian Premyslid rulers is a problematic matter between scholars, as different sources numbers and orders them differently.
Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling part Consort Notes
Nicholas I 1255 1269-1318 25 July 1318 Opava Adelaide of Habsburg
(d.1313)
1283
three children
Natural son of Premysl Ottokar II of Bohemia and Agnes of Kuenring, inherited from his father the Silesian duchy of Opava.
Nicholas II 1288 1318-1365 8 December 1365 Opava Anna of Racibórz
1318
six children

Hedwig of Olesnica
(d.1359)
May 1342
one child

Jutta of Opole
(d.aft.1378)
1360
three children
John I 1288 1365-1382 8 December 1365 Racibórz
(in Opava until 1377)
Anna of Głogów-Żagań
(d.1369)
1361
three children
Children of Nicholas II, divided the land; After Nicholas III's death, Glubczyce returned to Opava.
Nicholas III 1339 1365-1394 9 July 1394 Opava
(at Glubczyce;
in Opava until 1377)
Unmarried
Premislaus I 1288 1365-1433 8 December 1365 Opava Anna of Lutz
(d.1405)
1395
three children

Catherine of Ziebice
(d.23 May 1422)
c.1405
three children

Elena of Bosnia
1425
three children
Wenceslaus I 1361 1365-1381 1381 Opava Unmarried
John II of Iron c.1365 1382-1424 1424 Racibórz Helena of Lithuania
(d.c.1450)
16 January 1407
three children
Children of John I, divided the land. John kept the main Ráciborz and Krnov, and Nicholas was given Bruntál. John lost Krnov in 1388, but recovered it in 1422.
Nicholas IV c.1370 1382-1406 1406 Racibórz
(at Bruntál)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus II 1405 1424-1456 29 October 1456 Racibórz Margaret of Szamotuły
(d.5 November 1464)
1437
four children
Children of John II, divided the land.
Nicholas V 1409 1424-1452 22 December 1452 Racibórz Margaret Clemm of Ellguth
three children

Barbara Rockemberg
1451
Kraków
two children
Wenceslaus II 1397 1433-1445 1445 Glubczyce
(in Opava until 1435)
Elisabeth of Kravař
1420
two children
Children of Premislaus I, divided the land. William and Ernest inherited the duchy of Ziebice in succession, alongside Opava, where they ruled together with their half- brother Nicholas IV (and possibly also Premislaus II). In 1452, after William's death, Ernest and his brothers associated William's sons as co-rulers. Wenceslaus II, another half-brother, inherited a part of Opava centered around Glubczyce. In 1464, the duchy of Opava was sold to Bohemia.
William 1410 1433-1452 15 August 1452 Opava Salome of Častolovice
five children
1443-1452 Ziębice
Ernest 1415 1433-1456 1464 Opava Unmarried
1452-1456 Ziębice
Nicholas IV 1400 1433-1437 1437 Opava
Premislaus II the Elder c.1425 1433-1456 16 June 1478 Opava
Frederick 1440 1452-1456 1470 Opava
Wenceslaus III 1445 1474 Opava
Premislaus III the Younger 1450 17 February 1493 Opava
Pledge to Opole by debt; Debt transferred in 1464 to Bohemia: Annexation to Bohemia
John (III) 1420 1445-1454 1454 Glubczyce
(in Fulnek)
Unmarried Children of Wenceslaus II, divided the land, which was reunited shortly by John III.
John III the Pious 1425 1445-1485 1485 Glubczyce
(in Fulnek since 1454)
Catherine
(d.1485)
no children
Barbara Rockemberg c.1410? 1452-1462 November 1463 Krnov
(at Pszczyna)
Wilhelm Willandt
no children

Jerzy Orient
one child

Nicholas V
1451
Kraków
two children
Wife of Nicholas V, inherited the town of Pszczyna as widow seat, while ruling as regent in the rest of the duchy for her stepsons.
Regency of Barbara Rockemberg (1452-1462) Children of Nicholas V, divided the land. In 1474, John lost the duchy, which was then claimed by his sister.
John IV the Elder 1440 1452-1474

1464-1483
1483 Krnov

Krnov
(at Wodzisław Śląski)
Unmarried
Wenceslaus V 1442 1452-1478 1478 Krnov
(at Rybnik)
Unmarried
Annexation to Hungary (1474-1490)
Regency of Margaret of Szamotuły (1456-1464)
John V the Younger 1446 1456-1493 14 April 1493 Racibórz Magdalena of Opole
(c.1465-May 1501)
13 January 1478
Opole
four children
Barbara 1445 1490-1510 27 April 1510 Krnov John IV, Duke of Oświęcim
1475
one child
Claimed (and ruled, effectively) her family's duchy from 1490, co-ruling with her son-in-law since 1493[63]
Annexation to Bohemia
Regency of Magdalena of Opole (1493-1499) Children of John V, ruled jointly. In 1521, after the childless brothers' death, the duchy returned to Opole.
Nicholas VI 1478 1493-1506 3 November 1506 Racibórz Unmarried
John VI 1484 1493-1506 November/December 1506 Racibórz
Valentin the Hunchback 1485 1493-1521 13 November 1521 Racibórz
Annexation to Opole

The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa[edit]

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

  • 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
  • 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
  • 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
  • 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock

Theocracy abolished in 1850.

See also[edit]

List of Polish rulers
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Masovia
Dukes of Greater Poland
Dukes of Little Poland
Dukes of Cuiavia
Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca

References[edit]

  1. ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
  2. ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
  3. ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
  4. ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
  5. ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
  6. ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481; Lubin was recovered from Głogów in 1482.
  7. ^ Lubin was recreated as dowry between 1521 and 1550; Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
  8. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
  9. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Conrad I.
  10. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry IV the Faithful
  11. ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
  12. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  13. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
  14. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry V of Iron
  15. ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
  16. ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
  17. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
  18. ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
  19. ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
  20. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry VI the Elder
  21. ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
  22. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
  23. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
  24. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Głogów, Conrad I.
  25. ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
  26. ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
  27. ^ Documented as such in 1340.
  28. ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
  29. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Legnica-Wrocław, Henry V the Fat
  30. ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
  31. ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
  32. ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
  33. ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
  34. ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VIII the Sparrow
  35. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zagan, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  36. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry VI the Good
  37. ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII the Courageous
  38. ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica, Henry VIII
  39. ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
  40. ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
  41. ^ He was the first Lower Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Upper Silesian duke of Opole, John I
  42. ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Zagan. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his father, Henry VI.
  43. ^ Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X. Besides, Henry X's uncle, Henry VII, was also known as Rumpold
  44. ^ He was the first Wenceslaus of Głogów-Żagań line
  45. ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Żagań, Henry VII Rumpold
  46. ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
  47. ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
  48. ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
  49. ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
  50. ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
  51. ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
  52. ^ He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I
  53. ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
  54. ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus I
  55. ^ Avoid confusion with the contemporary Lower Silesian duke of Zagan, John I
  56. ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
  57. ^ Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X Rumpold.
  58. ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
  59. ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus II
  60. ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
  61. ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zator, Wenceslaus II
  62. ^ He was the first in Lower Silesia to bear this name.
  63. ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06

Bibliography[edit]

  • Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403–407
  • Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845–847

Sites[edit]

http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm