Przedbórz

Coordinates: 51°5′N 19°53′E / 51.083°N 19.883°E / 51.083; 19.883
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Przedbórz
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Przedbórz
Przedbórz is located in Poland
Przedbórz
Przedbórz
Coordinates: 51°5′N 19°53′E / 51.083°N 19.883°E / 51.083; 19.883
Country Poland
VoivodeshipŁódź
CountyRadomsko
GminaPrzedbórz
Government
 • MayorWiesława Janosik
Area
 • Total6.13 km2 (2.37 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2020)
 • Total3,458 Decrease[1]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
97-570
Vehicle registrationERA
Websitehttp://www.przedborz.pl/

Przedbórz [ˈpʂɛdbuʂ] is a town in Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,458 inhabitants (2020).[1] Przedbórz is situated on the Pilica River in the northwestern corner of the historic province of Lesser Poland. From its foundation until the Partitions of Poland, it belonged to Lesser Poland’s Sandomierz Voivodeship.

Etymology[edit]

The origins of the name of the town are not known. There are two explanations - it either comes from its location przed borem - in front of the wilderness, because in the Middle Ages Przedbórz was surrounded by the vast forests of the Pilica Wilderness and Holy Mountains Wilderness; or from an ancient Slavic first name Przedbor, which was popular in the early Middle Ages (a person named Przedbor might have founded a settlement here).

History[edit]

Przedbórz in the 1910s

Przedbórz (known in the past as Predbor, Predbrij, Pridborz, Przedborzs, Przedborze) is first mentioned in documents dating from 1145 as being under the jurisdiction of the Trzemeszno Monastery. King Kazimierz Wielki granted it the status of a city in 1370. He also built a castle, and frequently visited the town during his hunting trips. The Polish king Władysław Jagiełło also visited Przedbórz on several occasions. Przedbórz was a royal town of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Chęciny County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province[2] In 1512, Przedbórz had a school and a large brewery. In 1638, a fire destroyed the town and it was completely destroyed again by the Swedes in 1655 during the Deluge. The 2nd Polish National Cavalry Brigade was stationed in Przedbórz in 1793.[3]

During the Partitions of Poland Przedbórz was a border town for a short period of time when the Austrian - Prussian border was established along the Pilica river in 1795. In 1807 Przedbórz was regained by the Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution, it passed to Russian-controlled Congress Poland in 1815. In the 19th century Przedbórz emerged as a local center of industry. In 1823, a cloth factory was opened by Wojciech Lange and a town hall was built in 1838–1840. During the January Uprising a battle between the insurgents and the Russians took place here (June 27, 1863). In the Second Polish Republic, Przedbórz, as part of Końskie County was a part of the Kielce Voivodeship. On the other side of the Pilica river the suburban community of Widoma had 340 residents in 1862. In World War II the area of Przedbórz was a center of resistance where units of Major Henryk Dobrzański were active. On Feb. 10, 1944, the Home Army attacked Przedbórz, destroying several facilities.

Historical population
YearPop.
19215,885
20103,721
Source: [4][5]

A Jewish community is documented as being established in Przedbórz by 1570.[6] At the beginning of the Second World War, the town was 60% Jewish.[7] Before the Second World War, tourists would travel to Przedbórz to visit the architecturally notable Przedbórz Synagogue.[7]

In January 1940, the Germans established a ghetto where they gathered 4,600 Jews. In 1942, the Germans liquidated the ghetto and all Jews were murdered at Treblinka extermination camp. After the war, in 1945, 9 Jews returned to Przedbórz, they were later attacked by antisemitic members of the NSZ. The Jews were tied and taken away in a lorry to a forest in Radoszyce, where they were shot.[8] It is not known if there were other survivors.

Przedbórz gives its name to the nearby protected area known as Przedbórz Landscape Park.

Points of Interest[edit]

  • Church of Saint Alex (1278), rebuilt in 1341 and 1659.
  • Tenement houses from the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • Ruins of a 14th-century castle, which was burned in 1655, and abandoned in 1765.

Notable People[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 13 November 2021. Data for territorial unit 1012114.
  2. ^ Województwo sandomierskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz.1, Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 1993. p. 3.
  3. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 7.
  4. ^ Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (in Polish). Vol. III. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1925. p. 43.
  5. ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
  6. ^ Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, Heaven’s Gate: Wooden Synagogues in the Territory of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Institute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wydawnnictwo Krupski I S-ka, Warsaw, 2004, p. 328
  7. ^ a b "Berkeley Congregation Plans to Re-Create 17th Century Temple," Margie Mason, Los Angeles Times, January 26, 2002 [1]
  8. ^ "History - Jewish community before 1989 - Przedbórz - Virtual Shtetl". sztetl.org.pl. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-07-15.

External links[edit]