List of foreign politicians of Chinese descent

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of former and current politicians outside of the Greater China region who were/are of partial or full Chinese descent.[a]

Heads of state and heads of government[edit]

This is a list of heads of state and heads of government outside of Greater China of Chinese origin. Entries are sorted according to dates of assumption of office.

  Incumbent head of state or head of government
  Officer-elect (presumptive)
Heads of state and heads of governments of Chinese descent
Name[b] Portrait Country Title Tenure Chinese origin
Luo Fangbo
羅芳伯
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1777-1795 Hakka Chinese[1]
Jiang Wubo
江戊伯
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1795-1799
1804-1811
Hakka Chinese
Que Sibo
闕四伯
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1799-1804 Hakka Chinese
Song Chabo
宋插伯
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1811-1823 Hakka Chinese
Liu Tai'er
劉台二
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1823-1838 Hakka Chinese
Gu Liubo
古六伯
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1838-1842 Hakka Chinese
Xie Guifang
謝桂芳
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1842-1843 Hakka Chinese
Ye Tenghui
葉騰輝
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1843-1845 Hakka Chinese
Liu Qianxing
劉乾興
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1845-1848 Hakka Chinese
Liu Asheng
劉阿生
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1848-1876
1880-1884
Hakka Chinese
Liu Liangguan
劉亮官
Lanfang Republic President of Lanfang 1876-1880 Hakka Chinese
Emilio Aguinaldo
埃米利奧·阿奎納多
Philippine Republic President of the Philippines 1899-1901 Chinese mestizo[2]
Pedro Paterno
佩德羅·帕特諾
Philippine Republic Prime Minister of Philippine 1899-1899 Chinese mestizo[3]
Phraya Manopakorn Nititada
披耶·瑪奴巴功
Siam/Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1932-1933 Thai Chinese[4]
Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
披耶帕鳳·豐派育哈色納
Siam/Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1933-1938 Thai Chinese[5][6]
Manuel L. Quezon
曼努埃爾·奎松
Philippine President of the Philippines 1935-1944 Chinese mestizo[7]
Sergio Osmeña
塞爾吉奧·奧斯梅尼亞
Philippine President of the Philippines 1944-1946 [8]
Plaek Phibunsongkhram
貝·鑾披汶頌堪
Siam/Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1938-1944
1948-1957
Thai Chinese[9]
Son Ngoc Thanh
山玉成
Cambodia Prime Minister 1945,
1972
[10]
Khmer Republic
Seni Pramoj
社尼·巴莫
Siam/Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1945-1946
1975-1975
1976-1976
Thai Chinese[11]
Pridi Banomyong
比里·帕儂榮
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1946 Thai Chinese[12][13]
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
鑾探隆·那瓦沙瓦
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1946–1947 [14][15]
Lim Yew Hock
林有福
Singapore Chief Minister of Singapore 1956–1959 [16]
Pote Sarasin
乃朴·沙拉信
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1957–1957 [17]
Thanom Kittikachorn
他儂·吉滴卡宗
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1958,
1963–1973
[18]
Ne Win
奈溫
Burma Prime Minister of Burma 1958–1960 [19]
President of Burma 1974–1981
Sarit Thanarat
沙立·他那叻
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1959–1963 [20][21][22]
Lee Kuan Yew
李光耀
Singapore Prime Minister of Singapore 1959–1990 Chinese Hakka[23]
Solomon Hochoy
何才
Trinidad and Tobago Governor of Trinidad and Tobago 1960–1962 [24]
Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago 1962-1972
Peter Lo Su Yin
羅思仁
 Sabah Chief Minister of Sabah 1965-1967 Chinese Sabahan[25]
Ferdinand Marcos
費迪南德·馬科斯
Philippines President of Philippine 1965–1986 [2][26][27][28]
Prime Minister of Philippine 1978–1981
Lon Nol
朗諾
Kingdom of Cambodia Prime Minister of Cambodia 1966–1967,
1969–1971
[29]
Khmer Republic
President of Cambodia 1972–1975
Arthur Chung
鍾亞瑟
Guyana President of Guyana 1970–1980 Chinese Guyanese[30][31]
Cheng Heng
鄭興
Cambodia Chief of State (acting) 1970 [32]
Khmer Republic President of Cambodia 1970–1972
James Mancham
詹姆斯·曼卡姆
Seychelles Prime Minister of Seychelles 1975-1976 Chinese on paternal side[33]
President of Seychelles 1976–1977
Kukrit Pramoj
克立·巴莫
Siam/Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1975–1976 [11]
Khieu Samphan
喬森潘
Kampuchea Head of State of Cambodia 1976–1979 [34][35]
Pol Pot
波爾布特
Kampuchea Prime Minister of Cambodia 1976,
1976–1979
[36]
Nuon Chea
農謝
Kampuchea Prime Minister of Cambodia 1976 [37][38]
Thanin Kraivichien
他寧·蓋威遷
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1976–1977 Thai Chinese[39]
Kriangsak Chamanan
江薩·差瑪南
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1977–1980 Thai Chinese[40]
Julius Chan
陳仲民
Papua New Guinea Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea 1980–1982,
1994–1997
1997
Chinese Taishanese father[41]
Henk Chin A Sen
陳亞先
Suriname Prime Minister of Suriname 1980–1982
President of Suriname
San Yu
山友
Burma President of Burma 1981–1988 [42][43]
Chan Sy
姜西
Kampuchea Prime Minister of Cambodia 1982–1984 [44]
Hun Sen
洪森
Kampuchea Prime Minister of Cambodia 1984–present Teochew[45][46]
State of Cambodia
Cambodia
Wee Kim Wee
黃金輝
Singapore President of Singapore 1985–1993 Straits Chinese Hokkien[47]
Corazon Aquino
科拉松·阿基諾
Philippines President of Philippine 1986–1992 [26][48]
Chatichai Choonhavan
差猜·春哈旺
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1988–1991 [26][49]
Roh Tae-woo
盧泰愚
South Korea President of South Korea 1988–1993 [50][51]
Goh Chok Tong
吳作棟
Singapore Prime Minister of Singapore 1990–2004 [52]
Chuan Leekpai
川·立派
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1992–1995,
1997–2001
Thai Chinese Hokkien[53][54]
Ong Teng Cheong
王鼎昌
Singapore President 1993–1999 [55]
Chavalit Yongchaiyudh
差瓦立·永猜裕
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1996–1997 [56]
Anand Panyarachun
阿南·班雅拉春
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1991–1992,
1992
[57][58]
Chea Sim
謝辛
State of Cambodia President 1992–1993 [59]
Suchinda Kraprayoon
蘇欽達·甲巴允
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1992 [60][61][62]
Banharn Silpa-archa
班漢·西巴阿差
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 1995–1996 Thai Chinese[63]
Thaksin Shinawatra
他信·西那瓦
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2001–2006 [64]
Tony Tan Keng Yam
陳慶炎
Singapore President of Singapore 2011–2017
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
阿都拉·阿末·巴達威
Malaysia Prime Minister 2003–2009 Grandfather is Chinese Born Cham[65][66]
Abdurrahman Wahid
阿卜杜拉赫曼·瓦希德
Indonesia President 1999–2001 [67][68]
Roh Moo-hyun
盧武鉉
South Korea President of South Korea 2003–2008 [50][69]
George Maxwell Richards
喬治·馬克斯韋爾·理查茲
Trinidad and Tobago President of Trinidad and Tobago 2003–2013 [70][71][72]
Anote Tong
湯安諾
Kiribati President of Kiribati 2003–2016 [73]
Khin Nyunt
欽紐
Myanmar Prime Minister of Myanmar 2003–2004 [74][75]
Oscar Temaru
奧斯卡·特馬魯
French Polynesia President of French Polynesia 2004,
2005–2006,
2007–2008,
2009,
2011–2013
[76][77]
Lee Hsien Loong
李顯龍
Singapore Prime Minister of Singapore 2004–present [78][79]
Chitchai Wannasathit
七猜·萬那沙提
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (acting) 2006 [80][81]
Gaston Tong Sang
伽斯頓·唐生
French Polynesia President of French Polynesia 2006–2007,
2008–2009,
2009–2011
[82]
Samak Sundaravej
沙馬·順達衛
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2008 [17]
Somchai Wongsawat
頌猜·旺沙瓦
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2008 [83]
Chavarat Charnvirakul
差瓦拉·參威拉恭
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (acting)
2008
Abhisit Vejjajiva
阿披實·威差奇瓦
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2008–2011 [84][85]
Benigno Aquino III
貝尼格諾·阿基諾三世
Philippines President of Philippine 2010–2016 [86]
Dési Bouterse
德西·鮑特瑟
Suriname President of Suriname 2010–2020 [87][88]
Yingluck Shinawatra
英拉·西那瓦
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2011–2014 [64]
Park Geun-hye
朴槿惠
South Korea President of South Korea 2013–2017 The mother of Park Geun-hye, Yuk Young-soo, was from the Okcheon Yuk clan. The progenitor of the Okcheon Yuk Clan, Yuk Bo, was a Tang Dynasty era immigrant who settled in Silla in 927 AD and married a native Korean woman.[citation needed]
Luis Guillermo Solís
路易斯·吉列爾莫·索利斯
Costa Rica President of Costa Rica 2014–2018 [89]
Rodrigo Duterte
羅德里戈·杜特爾特
Philippines President of the Philippines 2016–2022 [90]
Bongbong Marcos
小費迪南德·馬科斯
Philippines President of the Philippines 2022–present [2][26][27][28]
Hun Manet
洪玛奈
Cambodia Prime Minister of Cambodia 2023–present [91]
Srettha Thavisin
社他·他威信
Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand 2023–present [92]

Kings and queens[edit]

Historical Kings and Queens[edit]

This is a list of monarchs outside of Greater China who either are of Chinese origin or claim so through mythological roots. Despite the presence of historical records, the alleged Chinese descent of some of the following monarchs are contested by modern scholars. Entries are sorted according to the chronological reign dates of the monarchs.

Monarchs of partial or full Chinese ancestry
Name Realm Reign Comments
Kinh Dương Vương
祿續
Vietnam 2879 BC-? The founder of the legendary Hồng Bàng dynasty, Lộc Tục, was recorded as a descendant of the mythological Chinese ruler Shennong[93]
Jizi
箕子
Korea 1120 BC-? The founder of the legendary Gija Joseon, Jizi was a mythological Chinese sage from the Shang Dynasty who became the ruler of the semi-legendary state of Gojoseon.[94]
Thục Phán
蜀泮
Vietnam 257-179 BC According to two historical Vietnamese texts, Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư and Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, Thục Phán of the Thục dynasty was from modern-day Sichuan, China, where it was previously ruled by the ancient Chinese State of Shu.[95][96][97][98]
Wiman of Gojoseon
衛滿
Korea 194 BC-? The founder of Wiman Joseon, was a Chinese born General from Yan who fled to Gojoseon and later usurped the native ruler of Gojoseon, Jun of Gojoseon. [99]
Hyeokgeose of Silla
新羅
Korea 57 BC-4 AD The founder of Silla, Hyeokgeose, was allegedly of partial Chinese descent. His mother, Lady Saso, was supposedly from China and later settled in the Jinhan confederacy. However, Goryeo historian and compiler of the Samguk Sagi, Kim Bu-sik questioned this tale.[100][101] All Silla monarchs from the Bak clan were paternal descendants of Hyeokgeose, while those from the Seok clan (with the exception of Talhae) traced their lineage to Hyeokgeose via his granddaughter, Lady Ahyo (阿孝夫人; 아효부인).
Chumo the Holy Korea 37-19 BC The founder of Goguryeo, who according to Samguk sagi, claimed descent from the mythological Chinese ruler Zhuanxu.[102][103][104][105][106] However, this myth was dismissed in the Samguk Sagi itself.[107]
Onjo
扶餘溫祚
Korea 18 BC-28 AD The founder of Baekje, Buyeo Onjo, was descended from the ruling family of Goguryeo.[108] However, the myth that the royal Ko family of Koguryo was descended from a mythical Chinese emperor was dismissed in the Samguk Sagi.[109]
Kujula Kadphises
丘就卻
Bactria 30-80 AD The founder of the Kushan dynasty, Kujula Kadphises, was descended from a lineage of Yuezhi tribe hailing from modern-day Gansu, China.[110][citation needed][dubious ]
Phạm Văn
范文
Lâm Ấp 336-349 AD The founder of Dynasty II of Champa, Phạm Văn, was of Chinese origin.[111]
Lý Bôn
李賁
Vietnam 544-548 AD The founder of the Early Lý dynasty, Lý Bôn, was descended from Chinese refugees who fled Wang Mang's seizure of power in the final years of the Western Han.[112][113][114][115][116][117][118]
Wang Geon
王建
Korea 918-943 AD According to the Pyeon Nyeon Tong Rok (編年通錄; 편년통록), Wang Geon was the great-grandson of Emperor Suzong of Tang; according to the Byeon Nyeon Gang Mok (編年綱目; 변년강목), he was the great-grandson of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.[119][120] However, the story that Wang Geon was descended from either Suzong or Xuanzong was dismissed in the Goryeo Sa.[121]
Lý Công Uẩn
李公蘊
Vietnam 1009-1028 AD The first emperor of the Lý dynasty, Lý Công Uẩn, could have his paternal bloodline traced to modern-day Fujian, China.[122][123][124][125][126] Lý Công Uẩn's father, Lý Thuần An, escaped to Quanzhou from Hebei after Lý Công Uẩn's grandfather, Li Song, was wrongly accused of treason and executed by the Emperor Yin of Later Han.[127][128]
Trần Cảnh
陳煚
Vietnam 1226-1258 AD The origin of the Trần dynasty was traced to modern Fujian, where the ancestor of the Trần imperial clan, Trần Kính, migrated from in the 11th century.[129][130]
Sukaphaa
蘇卡法
Assam 1228-1268 AD The founder of the Ahom dynasty, Sukaphaa, was originally from modern-day Yunnan, China.[131]
Uthong
烏通
Siam 1350-1370 AD Uthong, the first king of Ayutthaya Kingdom, was an ethnic Chinese.[132][dubious ] This was also mentioned in a 17th-century account by Jeremias van Vliet.
Hồ Quý Ly
胡季犛
Vietnam 1400-1407 AD The founders of the Hồ dynasty claimed descent from the Duke Hu of Chen, the founder of the ancient Chinese State of Chen.[133][134] The Duke Hu of Chen was in turn descended from the legendary Emperor Shun, who was recognized by Hồ Quý Ly as the progenitor of the Hồ imperial family.[135][136] The Hồ family migrated from present-day Zhejiang, China to Vietnam under Hồ Hưng Dật during the 10th century.[128]
Trần Ngỗi
陳頠
Vietnam 1407-1413 AD The Later Trần dynasty was ruled by the same imperial clan as the earlier Trần dynasty. Trần Ngỗi, the founder of the Later Trần dynasty, was a son of the ninth Trần monarch, Trần Phủ.[citation needed]
Liang Daoming
梁道明
Palembang 14th century–15th century AD [137][138]
Mạc Cửu
鄚玖
Principality of Hà Tiên 1707-1736 AD The founder of the Principality of Hà Tiên, Mạc Cửu, was a Chinese from Leizhou, China.[139][140]
Taksin
達信
Siam 1767-1782 AD The founder and only king of the Thonburi dynasty, Taksin, had Chinese, Thai, and Mon ancestry. His father, Zheng Yong, was a Teochew Chinese from Chenghai, China.[141]
Nguyễn Nhạc
阮岳
Vietnam 1778-1788 AD Rulers of the Tây Sơn dynasty, initially surnamed Hồ, were descended from the same line as the Hồ dynasty.[142]
Piang Tan
陳皮昂
Maguindanao people 19th to 20th Century AD The founder of the House of Piang, Piang Tan, was of mixed Chinese and Maguindanaon heritage.[143][144][145][146][147][148][149] His father, Tuya Tan, was from Amoy, China.
Ang Sar
安紹
Cambodia 1927-1941 AD Sisowath Monivong (r. 1927–1941), the second and final Cambodian monarch from the House of Sisowath, was of partial Chinese descent. His mother, Varni Van (萬妃; សម្តេចព្រះវររាជនីវ៉ាន់), was a Chinese Cambodian.[citation needed]

Modern Monarchs with Chinese descent[edit]

This is a list current monarchs outside of Greater China of partial or full Chinese heritage in the modern era. Entries are sorted according to reign dates.

Modern monarchs of partial or full Chinese ancestry
Chakri dynasty
扎克里王朝
Siam /
Thailand
AD 1782–present Thongduang
通鑾
The founder of the Chakri dynasty, Thongduang, was of mixed Chinese and Mon descent.[26][150] His mother, Daoreung, was partially Chinese.[151][152] (list)
(tree)
House of Norodom
諾羅敦王朝
Cambodia AD 1860–1904,
AD 1941–1970,
AD 1993–present
Ang Voddey
安瓦戴
Cambodian monarchs of the House of Norodom acquired Chinese heritage from Varni Van (萬妃; សម្តេចព្រះវររាជនីវ៉ាន់), a Chinese Cambodian consort of Sisowath. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Norodom Sihanouk (r. 1941–1955, 1993–2004) and the paternal great-great-grandmother of Norodom Sihamoni (r. 2004–present), the reigning Cambodian king. (list)
(tree)
House of Temenggong
天猛公王朝
Johor AD 1886–present Abu Bakar
阿布·峇卡
Johor monarchs of the House of Temenggong acquired Chinese heritage from Cecilia Catherina Lange,[153] the second wife of Abu Bakar with Chinese and Danish ancestry. Ibrahim (r. 1895–1959) and all subsequent Johor sultans, including the reigning Ibrahim Ismail (r. 2010–present), are descended from Lange. (list)
(tree)

Other politicians[edit]

This is a list of politicians who were/are not heads of state and heads of government outside of Greater China of partial or full Chinese heritage. Entries are sorted according to alphabetical order.

Australia[edit]

Belize[edit]

Brunei[edit]

Cambodia[edit]

Canada[edit]

Estonia[edit]

Fiji[edit]

France[edit]

Gabon[edit]

Guam[edit]

Guatemala[edit]

Guyana[edit]

Honduras[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

Ireland[edit]

Jamaica[edit]

Japan[edit]

Kiribati[edit]

Korea[edit]

Laos[edit]

Malaysia[edit]

Mauritius[edit]

Mexico[edit]

Myanmar[edit]

The Netherlands[edit]

Timor-Leste[edit]

New Zealand[edit]

Norway[edit]

Pakistan[edit]

Papua New Guinea[edit]

Peru[edit]

Poland[edit]

The Philippines[edit]

Ryukyu Kingdom[edit]

Samoa[edit]

Singapore[edit]

Solomon Islands[edit]

South Africa[edit]

Soviet Union[edit]

Switzerland[edit]

Thailand[edit]

Trinidad and Tobago[edit]

United Kingdom[edit]

United States[edit]

Vietnam[edit]

Zimbabwe[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Including those of non-Han ethnicities with ancestral homes in Greater China.
  2. ^ There may be different variants of Chinese transliteration for a non-Chinese name. For example, the Chinese name of Yingluck Shinawatra is rendered as "英拉·西那瓦" in mainland China, "英祿·西那瓦" in Hong Kong and Macau, "盈拉·欽那瓦" in Taiwan, "英叻·欽那瓦" in Malaysia and Singapore, and "英樂·秦那越" in Thailand.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a
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  3. ^ Tan, Chee-Beng (2004). Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues. p. 38. ISBN 9789622096615.
  4. ^ Preston et al. (1997), p. 464; 51. Phya Manopakarana Nitidhada. He spoke perfect English and was always very friendly to England. Is three parts Chinese. His wife, who was a favourite lady-in-waiting to the ex-Queen, was killed in a motor accident in 1929 when on an official visit to Indo-China.
  5. ^ George William Skinner (1957). Chinese Society in Thailand: An Analytical History. Cornell University Press. p. 244. ISBN 9781597400923.
  6. ^ D. Insor (1957). Thailand: A Political, Social, and Economic Analysis. Praeger. p. 138.
  7. ^ Flores, Wilson Lee (13 July 2008). "Love in the time of war: Manuel Quezon's dad, Anne Curtis, Jericho Rosales & Ed Angara in Baler". PhilStar Global Sunday Lifestyle. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  8. ^ Viray, Patricia (26 September 2019). "Fact check: Sergio Osmeña was actually the first Chinese Filipino senator". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
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     Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 钦定越史通鉴纲目/前编/卷之一
  96. ^ From Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục:

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     Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 夢溪筆談/卷25
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    神母本中國帝室之女。名娑蘇。早得神仙之術。歸止海東。久而不還。父皇寄書繫足云。隨鳶所止為家。蘇得書放鳶。飛到此山而止。遂來宅為地仙。故名西鳶山。神母久據茲山。鎮祐邦國。靈異甚多。 〈Sacred mother was called SaSo and she was born in Chinese royal family. She got sacred power and came to Hae Dong (해동), lived there and stayed there for long time. Her tied a letter to the feet of kite and told her "Let's make a house where the kite stops". Once she read letter and release a kite, a kite flew to Mt. Seondo (West mountain of Gyeongju/慶州) and stopped there. She decided to live there and became Xian (仙) of the land. That mountain was named as West Kite mountain and Sacred mother of SaSo stayed there as her base for quite long time and rule the country. There are a lot of miracles around that mountain as well.〉

    其始到辰韓也。生聖子為東國始君。蓋赫居閼英二聖之所自也。故稱雞龍雞林白馬等。雞屬西故也。嘗使諸天仙織羅。緋染作朝衣。贈其夫。國人因此始知神驗。 〈She came to Jinhan confederacy at beginning, gave birth for sacred children and became first king of East country. Probably those children were Aryeong and Hyeokgeose of Silla. That's why they are called as Gye-Nong (계농), Gye-Rim (계림), Baek-Ma (백마) and so on. This is because Gye (계) belongs to west side. One day, SaSo make fairy of heavens to weave silk cloth, dyed in scarlet and made Korean garment. She sent this garment to her husband. This was the first time for people in the country to know her miracle.〉

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    Dream Pool Essays volume 25

    Classical Chinese :桓死、安南大亂、久無酋長。其後國人共立閩人李公蘊為主。

    夢溪筆談 卷25 Chinese Wikisource has original text related to this article: 夢溪筆談/卷25

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