List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize

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Clockwise from top left: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Rosalind Franklin, Emmeline Pankhurst and Virginia Woolf were among the influential 20th-century women who largely contributed in their fields but were never considered for the Nobel Prizes.

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.[1]

As of 2023, 65 Nobel Prizes and the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 64 women[2] and since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, hundreds of women have already been nominated and shortlisted carefully in each field.[3][4]

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.[5][6] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.[5] Of the currently revealed female nominees both in physics and chemistry, the notable scientists Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Astrid Cleve, Harriet Brooks, Alice Ball, Mileva Marić, Inge Lehmann, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Leona Woods, Helen Parsons, and Jocelyn Bell Burnell were not included.

In 1912, Mary Edwards Walker became the first ever woman nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but her nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel Committee because her nominator was not invited to nominate that year.[7] Hence, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier, nominated first in 1922, became the official first female nominee but never won despite numerous recommendations.[3] She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori.[8] Of the 13 currently revealed female nominees, the physiologists Nettie Stevens, Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, Rosalind Franklin, Miriam Michael Stimson, Louise Pearce, Virginia Apgar, Hattie Alexander and Alice Catherine Evans were not included.

The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German memoirist Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901.[3] She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately did not win the prize.[9] Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909.[10] Of the 77 currently revealed female nominees for the literature category, the celebrated authors Kate Chopin, Alfonsina Storni, Virginia Woolf, Simone Weil, Edith Nesbit, Delmira Agustini, Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, Edith Hamilton, Marina Tsvetaeva, Zora Neale Hurston, Fannie Hurst, Flannery O'Connor and Agatha Christie were not included.[11][12][13]

The first women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize were Belva Ann Lockwood and Bertha von Suttner, who would eventually be awarded in 1905.[3] The latter was considered for authoring Lay Down Your Arms! and contributing to the creation of the Prize.[14] Of the 57 currently revealed female nominees, the famous Susan B. Anthony, Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Harriet Tubman, Mary Harris Jones, Olive Schreiner, Aletta Jacobs, Emmeline Pankhurst, Ida B. Wells, Käthe Kollwitz, Muriel Lester, Katharine Drexel, Helene Schweitzer, Marie Stopes, Vera Brittain, Ava Helen Pauling, Golda Meir, Rachel Carson and Rosa Parks were not included.[15][16]

Physics[edit]

Starting from 1902 to 1970, 10 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics and three of the nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1902
Marie Skłodowska Curie 7 November 1867
Warsaw, Poland
4 July 1934
Passy, Haute-Savoie, France
1902, 1903 Won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with P.Curie and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[17]
1935
Irène Joliot-Curie September 12, 1897
Paris, France
March 17, 1956
Paris, France
1934, 1935 Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frédéric Joliot-Curie.[18]
1937
Lise Meitner November 7, 1878
Vienna, Austria
October 27, 1968
Cambridge, England
1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[19]
1950
Marietta Blau April 29, 1894
Vienna, Austria
January 27, 1970
Vienna, Austria
1950, 1956, 1957 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[20]
Hertha Wambacher[a] March 9, 1903
Vienna, Austria
March 25, 1950
Vienna, Austria
1950 Nominated jointly with Marietta Blau the only time by Erwin Schrödinger.[21]
1955
Maria Goeppert-Mayer June 28, 1906
Katowice, Poland
February 2, 1972
San Diego, California, United States
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963 Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen.[22]
1956
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin May 12, 1910
Cairo, Egypt
July 29, 1994
Ilmington, England
1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[23]
1958
Chien-Shiung Wu May 31, 1912
Liuhe, Taicang, China
February 16, 1997
New York City, New York, United States
1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965 [24]
1964
Margaret Peachey Burbidge August 12, 1919
Stockport, England
April 5, 2020
San Francisco, California, United States
1964 Nominated jointly with William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle the only time by Harold Urey.[25]
1970
Janine Connes 1926 or 1934
France
1970 Nominated jointly with Pierre Connes and Robert B. Leighton the only time by Rupert Wildt.[26]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee

Chemistry[edit]

Starting 1911 to 1970, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 3 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1911
Marie Skłodowska Curie November 7, 1867
Warsaw, Poland
July 4, 1934
Sancellemoz, France
1911 Won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.[17]
1924
Lise Meitner November 7, 1878
Vienna, Austria
October 27, 1968
Cambridge, England
1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[19]
1933
Ida Tacke Noddack February 25, 1896
Rhine Province, Germany
September 24, 1978
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany
1933, 1935, 1937 Nominated jointly with Walter Noddack only.[27]
1935
Irène Joliot-Curie September 12, 1897
Paris, France
March 17, 1956
Paris, France
1935 Won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Frédéric Joliot and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[18]
1939
Dorothy Maud Wrinch September 12, 1894
Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
February 11, 1976
Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States
1939 [18]
1950
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin May 12, 1910
Cairo, Egypt
July 29, 1994
Ilmington, England
1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 Won the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[23]
Thérèse Boyer Tréfouël June 19, 1892
Paris, France
November 9, 1978
Paris, France
1950 Nominated the only time jointly with Jacques Tréfouël and Gladwyn Buttle.[28]
1952
Marguerite Perey October 19, 1909
Villemomble, France
May 13, 1975
Louveciennes, France
1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966 [29]
1956
Joan Folkes 1927
Staffordshire, England
? 1956 Nominated jointly with Ernest Gale the only time by John Howard Northrop.[30]
1957
Marietta Blau April 29, 1894
Vienna, Austria
January 27, 1970
Vienna, Austria
1957 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[20]
1958
Maria Goeppert-Mayer June 28, 1906
Katowice, Poland
February 2, 1972
San Diego, California, United States
1958 Won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.[20]
1960
Martha Cowles Chase November 30, 1927
Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States
August 8, 2003
Lorain, Ohio, United States
1960 Nominated jointly with Alfred Hershey, Alfred Gierer [de], Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Gerhard Schramm [de] the only time by John Howard Northrop.[31]
1963
Alberte Bucher-Pullman August 26, 1920
Nantes, France
January 7, 2011
Paris, France
1963, 1965 Nominated jointly with Bernard Pullman only.[32]
1967
Mary Belle Allen November 11, 1922
Morristown, New Jersey
1973
Fairbanks, Alaska
1967 Nominated jointly with Daniel I. Arnon and Frederick Whatley the only time by John Howard Northrop.[33]
1968
Erika Cremer May 20, 1900
Munich, Germany
September 21, 1996
Innsbruck, Austria
1968 Nominated the only time by Franz Patat [de].[34]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee

Physiology or Medicine[edit]

Starting from 1922 to 1953, 14 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine wherein one was declared invalid and one was subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1912
Mary Edwards Walker[b] November 26, 1832
Oswego, New York, United States
February 21, 1919
Oswego, New York, United States
1912[c] Nominated the only time by A. S. Helton.[7]
1922
Cécile Vogt-Mugnier[d] March 27, 1875
Annecy, France
May 4, 1962
Cambridge, England
1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953 Nominated jointly with Oskar Vogt only.[35]
1923
Maud Caroline Slye[e] February 8, 1879
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
September 17, 1954
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1923 Nominated the only time by Albert Soiland.[36]
1925
Gladys Rowena Henry Dick[f] December 18, 1881
Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States
August 21, 1963
Palo Alto, California, United States
1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935 Nominated jointly with George Frederick Dick only.[37]
1930
Alice Bernheim[g] September 28, 1878
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
July 14, 1968
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
1930 Nominated the only time by William Cogswell Clarke.[38]
1939
May Tweedy Mellanby[h] September 9, 1882
London, England
March 5, 1978
London, England
1939 Nominated jointly with Edward Mellanby only.[39]
Susan Smith[i] December 9, 1897
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
October 3, 1983
Durham, North Carolina, United States
1939 Nominated jointly with David Tillerson Smith and Julian Ruffin the only time by Osvaldo Polimanti [it].[40]
1940
Olive Watkins Smith[j] April 29, 1901
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
1983
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
1940[k] Nominated jointly with George Van Siclen Smith the only time by Frank Arthur Pemberton.[41]
1946
Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori[l] August 15, 1896
Prague, Czech Republic
October 25, 1957
Glendale, Missouri, United States
1946, 1947 Won the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay.[42]
Militsa Nikolaeva Lyubimova-Engelhardt[m] December 26, 1898
Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
December 22, 1975
Moscow, Russia
1946 Nominated jointly with Vladimir Engelgardt the only time by Leon Orbeli.[43]
1947
Helen Brooke Taussig[n] May 24, 1898
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
May 20, 1986
Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States
1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 [44]
1951
Miriam Friedman Menkin[o] August 8, 1901
Riga, Latvia
June 8, 1992
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
1951 Nominated jointly with John Rock and Roger Alfred Auguste Vendrely the only time by Bożydar Szabuniewicz.[45]
Madge Thurlow Macklin[p] February 6, 1893
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
March 4, 1962
Columbus, Ohio, United States
1951 Nominated the only time by Charles Clifford Macklin.[46]
1952
Elizabeth Bugie Gregory October 5, 1920
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
April 10, 2001
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
1952 Nominated jointly with Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz the only time by Jevrem Nedelkovitch.[47]
1954–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee

Literature[edit]

From 1901 to 1972, 77 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and 8 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Malwida von Meysenbug October 28, 1816
Kassel, Germany
April 23, 1903
Rome, Italy
1901 Nominated jointly with Louis Auguste Sabatier the only time by Gabriel Monod.[48]
1904
Selma Lagerlöf November 20, 1858
Värmland, Sweden
March 16, 1940
Värmland, Sweden
1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 Won the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[49]
Émilie Lerou 18 May 1855
Rouen, France
11 June 1935
Paris, France
1904 Nominated the only time by Jules Claretie.[50]
1905
Eliza Orzeszkowa June 6, 1841
Mil'kovshchina, Belarus
May 18, 1910
Grodno, Belarus
1905 [51]
1908
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche July 10, 1846
Lützen, Germany
November 8, 1935
Weimar, Germany
1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 [52]
1910
Molly Elliot Seawell October 23, 1860
Gloucester, United States
November 15, 1916
Washington, D.C., United States
1910, 1911 Nominated by Charles W. Kent only.[53]
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach September 13, 1830
Troubky-Zdislavice, Czechia
March 12, 1916
Vienna, Austria
1910, 1911 Nominated by Emil Reich [de] only.[54]
1913
Grazia Deledda Madesani September 28, 1871
Nuoro, Italy
August 15, 1936
Rome, Italy
1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 Won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature.[55]
1914
Dora Melegari June 27, 1849
Lausanne, Switzerland
July 31, 1924
Rome, Italy
1914, 1923 [56]
1922
Sigrid Undset Svarstad May 20, 1882
Kalundborg, Denmark
June 10, 1949
Lillehammer, Norway
1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 Won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[57]
Matilde Serao Scarfoglio March 7, 1856
Patras, Greece
July 25, 1927
Naples, Italy
1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 [58]
1926
Sofía Casanova Lutosławski September 30, 1861
A Coruña, Spain
January 16, 1958
Poznań, Poland
1926 [59]
Ada Negri Garlanda February 3, 1870
Lodi, Italy
January 11, 1945
Milan, Italy
1926, 1927 [60]
Concha Espina de la Serna April 15, 1869
Santander, Spain
May 19, 1955
Madrid, Spain
1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 [61]
1927
Edith Jones Wharton January 24, 1862
New York City, New York, United States
August 11, 1937
Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, France
1927, 1928, 1930 [62]
1928
Anna Elisabeth de Noailles November 15, 1876
Paris, France
April 30, 1933
Paris, France
1928 Nominated the only time by Tor Hedberg.[63]
Edith Annie Howes August 29, 1872
London, England
June 14, 1954
Dunedin, New Zealand
1928 Nominated the only time by Francis Prendeville Wilson.[64]
Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez August 15, 1956
Seville, Spain
April 13, 1956
Madrid, Spain
1928 [65]
Ricarda Huch July 18, 1864
Brunswick, Germany
November 17, 1947
Kronberg, Germany
1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 [66]
1930
Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo September 19, 1887
Los Teques, Venezuela
(?) 1959
Caracas, Venezuela
1930 Nominated the only time by Manuel María Villalobos.[67]
1931
Laura Mestre Hevia April 6, 1867
Havana, Cuba
January 11, 1944
Havana, Cuba
1931 Nominated the only time by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre.[68]
Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić April 18, 1874
Ogulin, Croatia
September 21, 1928
Zagreb, Croatia
1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 [69]
1934
Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício April 19, 1884
Lisbon, Portugal
November 3, 1947
Lisbon, Portugal
1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 [70]
1935
Violet Beauclerk Clifton November 2, 1883
Rome, Italy
November 20, 1961
Lytham St Annes, England
1935[k] Nominated the only time by Nevill Coghill.[71]
Elise Richter March 2, 1865
Vienna, Austria
June 23, 1943
Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechia
1935[k] [72]
1936
Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti January 10, 1871
Vienna, Austria
April 8, 1955
Linz, Austria
1936 [73]
Cécile Tormay October 8, 1875
Budapest, Hungary
April 2, 1937
Gyöngyös, Hungary
1936, 1937 [74]
1937
Maria Jotuni Tarkiainen April 9, 1880
Kuopio, Finland
September 30, 1943
Helsinki, Finland
1937 Nominated the only time by Viljo Tarkiainen [fi].[75]
Sally Salminen Dürhkop April 25, 1906
Vårdö, Åland
July 18, 1976
Copenhagen, Denmark
1937, 1938, 1939 [76]
Maila Talvio Mikkola October 17, 1871
Hartola, Finland
January 6, 1951
Helsinki, Finland
1937, 1939, 1947 [77]
1938
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck June 26, 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States
March 6, 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States
1938 Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[78]
Margaret Mitchell November 8, 1900
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
August 16, 1949
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
1938 Nominated the only time by Sven Hedin.[79]
Henriette Charasson February 13, 1884
Le Havre, France
May 29, 1972
Toulouse, France
1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 [80]
1939
Ethel Florence Richardson January 3, 1870
East Melbourne, Australia
March 20, 1946
Hastings, England
1939 Nominated the only time by Sten Bodvar Liljegren.[81]
Henriette Roland Holst-van der Schalk December 24, 1869
Noordwijk, Netherlands
November 21, 1952
Amsterdam, Netherlands
1939, 1950, 1952 [82]
Maria Szumka Dąbrowska October 6, 1889
Russów, Poland
May 19, 1965
Warsaw, Poland
1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 [83]
1940
Gabriela Mistral April 7, 1889
Vicuña, Chile
January 10, 1957
Hempstead, New York, United States
1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 Won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[84]
1941
Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young July 21, 1882
San Francisco, California, United States
February 18, 1954
Los Gatos, California, United States
1941[k] [85]
1943
Elisaveta Bagryana April 16, 1893
Sofia, Bulgaria
March 23, 1991
Sofia, Bulgaria
1943, 1944, 1945, 1969 [86]
1945
Marie Under Adson March 27, 1883
Tallinn, Estonia
September 25, 1980
Stockholm, Sweden
1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [87]
1948
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette January 28, 1873
Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, France
August 3, 1954
Paris, France
1948 Nominated the only time by Claude Farrère.[88]
Dorothy Canfield Fisher February 17, 1879
Lawrence, Kansas, United States
November 9, 1958
Arlington, Vermont, United States
1948, 1949 Nominated by David Baumgardt only.[89]
1950
Karen von Blixen-Finecke April 17, 1885
Rungsted, Denmark
September 7, 1962
Rungsted, Denmark
1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 [90]
Gertrud von Le Fort October 11, 1876
Minden, Germany
November 1, 1971
Oberstdorf, Germany
1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 [91]
1951
María Enriqueta Camarillo de Monter February 19, 1872
Coatepec, Mexico
February 13, 1968
Mexico City, Mexico
1951 Nominated the only time by Leavitt Olds Wright.[92]
Katharine Susannah Prichard Throssell December 4, 1883
Levuka, Fiji
October 2, 1969
Greenmount, Australia
1951 [93]
1955
Edith Louisa Sitwell September 7, 1887
Scarborough, England
December 9, 1964
London, England
1955, 1958, 1959 [94]
1956
Melpo Axioti July 15, 1905
Athens, Greece
May 22, 1973
Athens, Greece
1956 Nominated the only time by André Bonnard.[95]
Marthe Lahovary Bibesco January 28, 1886
Bucharest, Romania
November 28, 1973
Paris, France
1956 [96]
Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge April 24, 1900
Wells, England
April 1, 1984
Oxfordshire, England
1956, 1959 Nominated by Edmond Privat only.[97]
1958
Elizabeth Bowen Cameron June 7, 1899
Dublin, Ireland
February 22, 1973
London, England
1958 Nominated the only time by Roman Jakobson.[98]
1959
Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou March 8, 1892
Melo, Uruguay
July 15, 1979
Montevideo, Uruguay
1959, 1960, 1963 [99]
María Raquel Adler ca. 1900
Argentine Sea
July 28, 1974
Bernal, Argentina
1959, 1965 [100]
Anna Seghers November 19, 1900
Mainz, Germany
June 1, 1983
East Berlin, Germany
1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 [101]
1960
Marie Noël February 16, 1883
Auxerre, France
December 23, 1967
Auxerre, France
1960 Nominated the only time by Maurice Bemol.[102]
1961
Cora Sandel December 20, 1880
Oslo, Norway
April 3, 1974
Uppsala, Sweden
1961 Nominated the only time by Harald Ofstad.[103]
Giulia Scappino Murena 1902
Italy
1970s (or prob. 1967)
Riccione, Rimini, Italy
1961, 1962 Nominated by Alfredo Galletti [it] only and for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[104]
Simone Lucie de Beauvoir January 9, 1908
Paris, France
April 14, 1986
Paris, France
1961, 1969, 1973 [105]
1963
Nelly Sachs December 10, 1891
Berlin, Germany
May 12, 1970
Stockholm, Sweden
1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Won the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shm.Y.Agnon.[106]
Ingeborg Bachmann June 25, 1926
Klagenfurt, Austria
October 17, 1973
Rome, Italy
1963 Nominated the only time by Harald Patzer [de].[107]
Kate Roberts-Williams February 13, 1891
Rhosgadfan, Wales
April 4, 1985
Denbigh, Wales
1963 Nominated the only time by Idris Foster.[108]
1964
Ina Seidel September 15, 1885
Halle (Saale), Germany
October 2, 1974
Schäftlarn, Germany
1964 Nominated the only time by Günther Jachmann [de].[109]
Judith Wright McKinney May 31, 1915
Armidale, Australia
June 25, 2000
Canberra, Australia
1964, 1965, 1967 [110]
Katherine Anne Porter May 15, 1890
Indian Creek, Texas, United States
September 18, 1980
Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 [111]
1965
Marguerite Yourcenar June 8, 1903
Brussels, Belgium
December 17, 1987
Northeast Harbor, Maine, United States
1965 Nominated the only time byIda-Marie Frandon [fr].[112]
Anna Akhmatova June 28, 1889
Odesa, Ukraine
March 5, 1966
Domodedovo, Russia
1965, 1966 [113]
Marie Luise Kaschnitz January 31, 1901
Karlsruhe, Germany
October 10, 1974
Rome, Italy
1965, 1967 Nominated by the Hermann Tiemann [de] only.[114]
1967
Lina Kostenko March 19, 1930
Rzhyshchiv, Ukraine
1967 Nominated jointly with Pavlo Tychyna and Ivan Drach the only time by Omeljan Pritsak.[115]
1968
Marianne Moore November 15, 1887
Kirkwood, Missouri, United States
February 5, 1972
New York City, United States
1968 Nominated the only time by Erik Lindegren.[116]
Mildred Matthews Breedlove May 27, 1904
Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States
August 14, 1994
Ferron, Utah, United States
1968 Nominated the only time by United Poets Laureate International.[117]
1969
Nathalie Sarraute July 18, 1900
Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia
October 19, 1999
Paris, France
1969 Nominated the only time by Lars Gyllensten.[118]
1970
Victoria Ocampo April 7, 1890
Buenos Aires, Argentina
January 27, 1979
Béccar, Argentina
1970 Nominated the only time by Miguel Alfredo Olivera [es].[119]
1972
Nadine Gordimer November 20, 1923
Springs, South Africa
July 13, 2014
Johannesburg, South Africa
1972, 1973 Won the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.[120]
Doris Lessing October 22, 1919
Kermanshah, Iran
November 17, 2013
London, England
1972, 1973 Won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.[121]
Astrid Lindgren November 14, 1907
Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden
January 28, 2002
Stockholm, Sweden
1972 [122]
1973
Indira Devi Dhanrajgir August 17, 1929
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
1973 Nominated the only time by Krishna Srinivas.[123]
Zenta Mauriņa December 15, 1897
Lejasciems, Latvia
April 25, 1978
Basel, Switzerland
1973 Nominated the only time by Mārtiņš Zīverts.[124]
1974
to be revealed in 2025

Peace[edit]

From 1901 to 1973, 57 women have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and five of these nominees were subsequently awarded. Currently, the Nobel archives has revealed nominations from 1901 to 1973, the other enlisted women were verified nominations based on public and private news agencies.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Bertha Sophie von Suttner[q] June 9, 1843
Prague, Czechia
June 21, 1914
Vienna, Austria
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 Won the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize.[125]
Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood[r] October 24, 1830
Royalton, New York, United States
May 19, 1917
Washington, D.C., United States
1901, 1914 [126]
1903
Priscilla Hannah Peckover[s] October 27, 1833
Wisbech, England
September 8, 1931
Wisbech, England
1903, 1905, 1911, 1913 [127]
1905
Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck[t] January 9, 1832
London, England
March 20, 1910
London, England
1905, 1907, 1910 [128]
1910
Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa[u] ca. 1860
Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina
June 25, 1940
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1910, 1911 [129]
1913
Anna Bernhardine Eckstein June 14, 1868
Coburg, Germany
October 16, 1947
Coburg, Germany
1913 Nominated the only time by N.A. Nilsson [sv].[130]
Lucia True Ames Mead[v] May 5, 1856
Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States
November 1, 1936
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
1913 Nominated jointly with her husband Edwin Doak Mead the only time by Samuel Train Dutton.[131]
1916
Jane Addams[w] September 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois, United States
May 21, 1935
Chicago, Illinois, United States
1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 Won the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.[132]
1917
Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer[x] September 11, 1877
Budapest, Hungary
August 3, 1948
New York City, New York, United States
1917, 1948 [133]
1918
Mary Shapard[y] c. 1882
Mississippi, United States
c. 1950s
Texas, United States
1918, 1919 Nominated the only time by Morris Sheppard.[134][135]
1920
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard April 27, 1855
Paris, France
April 24, 1929
Pierrefonds, France
1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929 Nominated by Lucien Le Foyer only.[136]
1922
Eglantyne Jebb August 25, 1876
Ellesmere, England
December 17, 1928
Geneva, Switzerland
1922 [137]
Elsa Brändström Ulich[z] March 26, 1888
Saint Petersburg, Russia
March 4, 1948
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
1922, 1923, 1928, 1929 [138]
1931
Annie Wood Besant[aa] October 1, 1847
Clapham, England
September 20, 1933
Adyar, Chennai, India
1931 Nominated the only time by Peter Freeman.[139]
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair[ab] March 15, 1857
London, England
April 18, 1939
Aberdeen, Scotland
1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [140]
1933
Margit Antonia Bárczy[ac] November 29, 1877
Budapest, Hungary
March 26, 1934
Paris, France
1933 Nominated the only time by Charles Dupuis [fr].[141]
1935
Janet Miller
(prob. Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946))
? ? 1935 [142]
Julie Bikle [de] January 8, 1871
Lucerne, Switzerland
May 11, 1962
Winterthur, Switzerland
1935, 1936, 1937 Nominated by Otto Pfister only.[143]
1936
Moina Belle Michael[ad] August 15, 1869
Good Hope, Georgia, United States
May 10, 1944
Athens, Georgia, United States
1936 [144]
Irma Schweitzer-Meyer[ae] January 30, 1882
Baden, Switzerland
July 4, 1967
Zürich, Switzerland
1936, 1937 Nominated by N.A. Nilsson [sv] only.[145]
1937
Henrietta Szold[af] December 21, 1860
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
February 13, 1945
Jerusalem, Israel
1937 Nominated the only time by Royal S. Copeland.[146]
1938
Princess Henriette of Belgium November 30, 1870
Brussels, Belgium
March 28, 1948
Sierre, Switzerland
1938 [147]
1939
Carrie Chapman Catt[ag] January 9, 1859
Ripon, Wisconsin, United States
March 9, 1947
New Rochelle, New York, United States
1939 [148]
1940
Helene Stöcker November 13, 1869
Wuppertal, Germany
February 24, 1943
New York City, US
1940[k] Nominated the only time by Ludwig Quidde.[149]
1946
Emily Greene Balch[ah] January 8, 1867
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
January 9, 1961
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
1946 Won the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Mott.[150]
Alexandra Kollontai[ai] March 31, 1872
Saint Petersburg, Russia
March 9, 1952
Moscow, Russia
1946, 1947 [151]
1947
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt[aj] October 11, 1884
New York City, New York, United States
November 7, 1962
Manhattan, New York, United States
1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962 [152]
1948
Katharine Bruce Glasier[ak] September 25, 1867
Stoke Newington, London, England
June 14, 1950
Earby, England
1948 Nominated the only time by Gilbert McAllister.[153]
1949
María Eva Duarte Perón[al] May 7, 1919
Los Toldos, Argentina
July 26, 1952
Buenos Aires, Argentina
1949 Nominated jointly with her husband Juan Perón the only time by Virgilio Filippo.[154]
Maria Tecla Montessori[am] August 31, 1870
Chiaravalle, Italy
May 6, 1952
Noordwijk, Netherlands
1949, 1950, 1951 [155]
1951
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands[an] August 31, 1880
Noordeinde Palace, South Holland, Netherlands
November 28, 1962
Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
1951 [156]
1952
Ada Barbara Waylen[ao] 1906
Oxford, England
1980
?
1952 Nominated the only time by Norman Bentwich.[157]
Elisabeth Friederike Rotten[ap] February 15, 1882
Berlin, Germany
May 2, 1964
London, England
1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 [158]
1953
Margaret Higgins Sanger[aq] September 14, 1879
Corning, New York, United States
September 6, 1966
Tucson, Arizona, United States
1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963 [159]
1954
Helen Adams Keller[ar] June 27, 1880
Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States
June 1, 1968
Easton, Connecticut, United States
1954, 1958 [160]
1955
Gertrud Baer[as] November 25, 1890
Halberstadt, Germany
December 15, 1981
Geneva, Switzerland
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 [161]
1959
Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell[at] February 22, 1889
Chesterfield, England
June 25, 1977
Bramley, England
1959 [162]
1961
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders[au] June 25, 1878
Berlin, Germany
March 23, 1966
Berlin, Germany
1961 Nominated the only time by Erich Mende.[163]
Lotta Hitschmanova[av] November 28, 1909
Prague, Czech Republic
August 1, 1990
Ottawa, Canada
1961, 1962 Nominated by Arthur Ryan Smith only.[164]
Gertrud Kurz-Hohl[aw] March 15, 1890
Lutzenberg, Switzerland
June 26, 1972
Lutzenberg, Switzerland
1961, 1962 [165]
Giulia Scappino Murena[ax] 1902
Italy
1970s (or prob. 1967)
Riccione, Rimini, Italy
1961, 1962 Nominated by Udo Redano only and for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.[104]
1962
Maude Miner Hadden[ay] June 29, 1880
Manhattan, New York, United States
April 14, 1967
Palm Beach, Florida, United States
1962 Nominated the only time by Åke Sandler.[166]
1963
Catherine Devilliers (LEBLANC, Marie - Catherine)[az] December 30, 1923
Montpellier, France
? 1963 [167]
Stella Monk[ba] ?
United Kingdom
?
United Kingdom
1963 Nominated the only time by Mohammed Sanusi Mustapha.[168]
1967
Margaret Susan Cheshire[bb] July 3, 1924
Leeds, England
November 2, 2000
Bury St Edmunds, England
1967, 1968 [169]
1969
Kaoru Hatoyama[bc] 21 November 1888
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
15 August 1982
Tokyo, Japan
1969 [170]
1970
Alva Reimer-Myrdal[bd] 31 January 1902
Uppsala, Sweden
1 February 1986
Stockholm, Sweden
1970 Won the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles.[171]
Britta Holmström[be] 8 April 1911
Jönköping, Sweden
4 October 1992
Lund, Sweden
1970 [172]
1971
Louise Weiss 25 January 1893
Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France
26 May 1983
Paris, France
1971 [173]
1972[174]
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C. 26 August 1910
Skopje, North Macedonia
5 September 1997
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
1972 Won the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.
Isabelle Grant 3 July 1896
Lossiemouth, Moray, United Kingdom
1 June 1977
London, United Kingdom
1972 Nominated by Harold T. Johnson only.[174]
Elise Ottesen-Jensen 2 January 1886
Høyland, Norway
4 September 1973
Stockholm, Sweden
1972 [174]
Annie Skau Berntsen 29 May 1911
Oslo, Norway
26 November 1992
Horten, Norway
1972 Nominated by Henrik Bahr only.[174]
Helen Suzman 7 November 1917
Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa
1 January 2009
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
1972 Nominated by Richard Luyt only.[174]
1973[174]
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck June 26, 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States
March 6, 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States
1973 Won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[78][174]
Indira Gandhi 19 November 1917
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
31 October 1984
New Delhi, India
1973 Nominated by Buddha Priya Maurya only.[174]
Jeannette Rankin[a] 11 June 1880
Missoula, Montana, United States
18 May 1973
Carmel, California, United States
1973 Nominated by Mike Mansfield only.[174]
1974
will be revealed in 2025
Others[bf]
1976
Betty Williams 22 May 1943
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
17 March 2020
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
1976, 1977 Won the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize. (awarded a year later)[175]
Mairead Maguire 27 January 1944
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
1978
Dorothy Day 8 November 1897
Brooklyn Heights, New York, United States
29 November 1980
Manhattan, New York, United States
1978, 1979 [176]
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos 2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines 1978 [177][178]
1987
Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino 25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines 1 August 2009 in Makati, Philippines 1987 [179][180]
1988
Emmanuelle Cinquin, N.D.S. 16 November 1908
Brussels, Belgium
20 October 2008
Callian, Var, France
1988 [181]
Inga Thorsson 3 July 1915 in Malmö, Sweden 15 January 1994 in Stockholm, Sweden 1988 [182]
Dulce de Souza Pontes, S.M.I.C. 26 May 1914
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
13 March 1992
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
1988, 1992 [183][184]
1990
Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950
London, United Kingdom
1990 [185]
Elise M. Boulding 6 July 1920 in Oslo, Norway 24 June 2010 in Needham, Massachusetts, United States 1990, 2005[bg] [182]
1999
Helen Prejean, C.S.J. 21 April 1939 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States 1999 [182][186]
Catherine Hamlin 24 January 1924
Sydney, Australia
18 March 2020
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
1999, 2014 [187]
2000
Kathy Kelly 10 December 1972 in Chicago, Illinois, United States 2000 [182]
2003
Irena Sendler 15 February 1910
Warsaw, Poland
12 May 2008
Warsaw, Poland
2003, 2007 [188]
2005
1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe a collective nomination of 1000 women from over 150 different countries for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize. 2005 [189]
Zilda Arns Neumann 25 August 1934
Forquilhinha, Santa Catarina, Brazil
12 January 2010
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
2005[bg], 2006 [184]
Medea Benjamin 10 September 1952
Freeport, New York, United States
2005[bg], 2017 [190]
2007
Sheila Watt-Cloutier 2 December 1953
Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
2007 [190][191]
Oprah Winfrey 29 January 1954
Kosciusko, Mississippi, United States
2007 [192]
2008
Íngrid Betancourt 25 December 1961
Bogotá, Colombia
2008 [193]
Inge Genefke 6 July 1938
Frederiksberg, Denmark
2008, 2009, 2011, 2013 [194][195]
2009
Piedad Córdoba 25 January 1955
Medellín, Colombia
20 January 2024
Medellín, Colombia
2009 [196][197][198]
Sima Samar 3 February 1957
Jaghori, Afghanistan
2009, 2010, 2011 [199][200]
2010
Svetlana Gannushkina 6 March 1942
Moscow, Russia
2010, 2011, 2013, 2016 [201][202]
2012
Maggie Gobran 1949
Cairo, Egypt
2012, 2020, 2023 [203][204][205][206]
2013
Malala Yousafzai 12 July 1997
Mingora, Swat, Pakistan
2013, 2014 Won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi.[207][208]
Lyudmila Alexeyeva 20 July 1927
Yevpatoria, Ukraine
8 December 2018
Moscow, Russia
2013 [208][209]
Claudia Paz y Paz 7 June 1966
Guatemala City, Guatemala
2013 [208]
2014
Agnes Mariam de la Croix, O.Carm 1952
Beirut, Lebanon
2014 [210]
Anne Merriman 1935
Liverpool, United Kingdom
2014 [211]
2015
Kathryn Bolkovac c. 1960
Ohio, United States
2015 [212]
Leyla Yunus 21 December 1955
Baku, Azerbaijan
2015 [213]
2016
Nadia Murad 10 March 1993
Kocho, Iraq
2016, 2017, 2018 Won the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize with Denis Mukwege.[214]
Emilia Kamvysi c. 1930
Lesbos, Greece
12 March 2023
Lesbos, Greece
2016 [215][216]
Angela Merkel 17 July 1954
Hamburg, Germany
2016 [217]
Susan Sarandon 4 October 1946
Jackson Heights, New York, United States
2016 [218]
2017
Maria da Penha 1 February 1945
Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
2017 [184][219]
Marianne Stöger 24 April 1934
Matrei am Brenner, Tyrol, Austria
2017, 2020 [220][221]
Margaritha Pissarek 1935
Austria
2018
Jaha Dukureh 1989
Gambia
2018 [222]
Nataša Kandić 16 December 1946
Belgrade, Serbia
2018, 2022 [223][224]
2019
Ilwad Elman 22 December 1989
Mogadishu, Somalia
2019 [225][226]
Amanda Nguyen 10 October 1991
Corona, California, United States
2019 [227]
Hajer Sharief 1994
Libya
2019 [226]
Sevgül Uludağ 15 October 1958
Nicosia, Cyprus
2019 [228]
Loujain al-Hathloul 31 July 1989
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2019, 2020 [229][230]
Jacinda Ardern 26 July 1980
Hamilton, New Zealand
2019, 2020 [231][232][233]
Greta Thunberg 3 January 2003
Stockholm, Sweden
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 [234][235][236][237]
2021
Leila de Lima 27 August 1959
Iriga, Camarines Sur, Philippines
2020 [238]
2021
Maria Ressa 2 October 1963
Manila, Philippines
2021 Won the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize with Dmitry Muratov.[239][240]
Stacey Abrams 9 December 1973
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
2021 [241][242]
Zineb El Rhazoui 19 January 1982
Casablanca, Morocco
2021 [243]
Aminatou Haidar 24 July 1966
Akka, Morocco
2021 [244][245]
Jane Goodall 3 April 1934
Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
2021 [239][240]
Veronika Tsepkalo 7 September 1976
Mogilev, Belarus
2021 [239][240][246]
Maria Kalesnikava 24 April 1982
Minsk, Belarus
2021 [239][240][246]
Juliana Taimoorazy 23 April 1973
Tehran, Iran
2021 [247]
Marilyn Waring 7 October 1952
Ngaruawahia, New Zealand
2021 [239][240]
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya 11 September 1982
Mikashevichy, Belarus
2021, 2022 [239][240][246][248]
2022
Masih Alinejad 11 September 1976
Qomi Kola, Iran
2022, 2023 [249][250]
Maria Elena Bottazzi 1966
Genoa, Italy
2022 [251][252]
Dee Dawkins-Haigler 31 January 1970
Lithonia, Georgia, United States
2022 [253]
Opal Lee 7 October 1926
Marshall, Texas, United States
2022 [254]
Miriam Were 12 April 1940
Kakamega, Western Province, Kenya
2022 [255]
2023
Narges Mohammadi 21 April 1972
Zanjan, Iran
2023 Won the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize.[256]
Vanessa Nakate 15 November 1996
Kampala, Uganda
2023 [237][257]
Mahbouba Seraj 1948
Kabul, Afghanistan
2023 [258]
Jani Silva c. 1968
Colombia
2023 [259][260]
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz 19 October 1952
Besao, Mt. Province, Philippines
2023 [261][262]
2024
Yasmina Cánovas El Vendrell, Spain 2024 [263][264]
Chow Hang-tung 24 January 1985
Hong Kong
2024 [265]

Economic Sciences[edit]

From 1969 to 1971, 3 women have been nominated for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences but none of them were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1969
Anna Schwartz 11 November 1915
The Bronx, New York, United States
21 June 2012
Manhattan, New York, United States
1969, 1971 Nominated by Bertil Gotthard Ohlin only.[266]
Joan Robinson 31 October 1903
Surrey, United Kingdom
5 August 1983
Cambridge, United Kingdom
1969, 1970, 1971 [266]
1971
Barbara Bergmann 20 July 1927
The Bronx, New York, United States
5 April 2015
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
1971 [266]
1972
should be revealed in 2023
1973
will be revealed in 2024

Motivations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
  2. ^ "for the discovery of preventative of heart failure."
  3. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee, as A. S. Helton had not been invited to make a nomination for the Prize of 1912.[7]
  4. ^ "Work on the architectonics of the cerebral cortex, cortex localization and on the function of corpus striatum"
  5. ^ "Work on cancer"
  6. ^ "Work on the etiology, prevention and cure of scarlet fever"
  7. ^ "Studies on the functional relations of calcium and the Parathyroids in normal and deranged metabolism of man"
  8. ^ "Work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases. (Dental structure and dental disease.)"
  9. ^ "Work on the use of nicotinic acid in the pellagra therapy"
  10. ^ "Investigation of a possible hormonal cause of toxemia of pregnancy"
  11. ^ a b c d e No Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded this year.
  12. ^ "Enzymatic synthesis of glycogen and starch, effect of the anterior pituitary extract and of insulin on the hexokinase reaction"
  13. ^ "The chemistry of muscle; discovery of the enzymatic properties of myosin"
  14. ^ "The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart"
  15. ^ "Fertilization and cell division of human ova in vitro"
  16. ^ "The inheritance of deafness and the proband method of analysis of human pedigree for inheritance of recessive traits"
  17. ^ "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder! ("Lay Down Your Arms!"), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
  18. ^ "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
  19. ^ "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
  20. ^ "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
  21. ^ "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
  22. ^ "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
  23. ^ "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
  24. ^ "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
  25. ^ "Mary Shapard was nominated for her World War I-era recommendation that a nonpartisan "league of nations" be established by world leaders to reduce the likelihood of future armed conflicts between countries engaged in international disputes."
  26. ^ "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
  27. ^ "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
  28. ^ "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
  29. ^ "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
  30. ^ "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
  31. ^ "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
  32. ^ "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
  33. ^ "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
  34. ^ "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
  35. ^ "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
  36. ^ "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
  37. ^ "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
  38. ^ "Evita Perón was nominated for her humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
  39. ^ "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
  40. ^ "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
  41. ^ "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
  42. ^ "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
  43. ^ "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
  44. ^ "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
  45. ^ "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."
  46. ^ "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
  47. ^ "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
  48. ^ "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
  49. ^ "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
  50. ^ "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
  51. ^ "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
  52. ^ "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
  53. ^ "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
  54. ^ "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
  55. ^ "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
  56. ^ "Alva Myrdal was nominated for her many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
  57. ^ "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."
  58. ^ The following nominations, though verified and features their respective years, are yet still to be organized as they may have been nominated in earlier years.
  59. ^ a b c "As part of the 1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize". www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Nobel Prize awarded women". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "Nomination Archive - Nominated Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Nomination archive – List of female nominees". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  9. ^ Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  11. ^ "10 great writers snubbed by the Nobel Prize". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  12. ^ Fleming, Donald (October 1966). "Nobel's Hits and Misses". The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  13. ^ Crittenden, Ann. "A Comedy of Errors at the Nobel Prize". American Heritage. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  14. ^ Geir Lundestad (15 March 2003). ""The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–2000"". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Have you heard of these 20 women who changed the world?". girlguiding.org.uk. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  16. ^ Irwin Abrams (22 September 1997). "Heroines of peace – the nine Nobel women, 1901-1992". Nobel Prize.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Marie Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  18. ^ a b c "Nomination Archive – Irène Joliot-Curie". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  19. ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Lise Meitner". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  20. ^ a b c "Nomination Archive – Marietta Blau". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  22. ^ "Nomination Archive - Maria Goeppert-Mayer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
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  38. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alice Bernheim". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  39. ^ "Nomination Archive – Lady May Mellanby". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  51. ^ "Nomination Archive – Eliza Orzeszkowa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  52. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  53. ^ "Nomination Archive – Molly Seawell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  64. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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