Line 10 (Beijing Subway)

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Line 10
Route diagram at Jiandemen station
Overview
Other name(s)M10 (planned name)
StatusOperational
LocaleHaidian, Chaoyang and Fengtai districts
Beijing
Stations45
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemBeijing Subway
Operator(s)Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., Ltd
Depot(s)Wanliu, Wulu, Songjiazhuang
Rolling stock6-car Type B (DKZ15, DKZ34, DKZ46)
Daily ridership1,931,000 (First Half of 2018 Peak)[1]
2,076,500 (2014 Peak)[2]
History
Opened19 July 2008; 15 years ago (2008-07-19)
Technical
Line length57.024 km (35.4 mi)[3]
CharacterUnderground
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC Third rail
Operating speed80 km/h (50 mph)
Route map

Legend
Fragrant Hills Up arrow
 Bagou
Xijiao line
Wanliu depot
Wanquan river
 Suzhou Jie
Line 16
Left arrow Wanpingcheng – Bei'anhe Right arrow
connects Line 4
 Haidian Huangzhuang
Line 4
Left arrow Tiangongyuan – Anheqiaobei Right arrow
 Zhichunli
Zhichun Lu
Line 13
Jingzhang ICR crossing
Left arrow Xizhimen – Dongzhimen Right arrow
 Xitucheng
Changping line
Left arrow Jimenqiao – Changping Xishankou Right arrow
 Mudanyuan
Line 19
Left arrow Xingong
 Jiandemen
Beitucheng
Line 8
Left arrow Yinghai – Zhuxinzhuang Right arrow
connects Line 8
 Anzhenmen
planned line 8 branch platform
connects Line 8
 Huixin Xijie Nankou
Line 5
Left arrow Songjiazhuang – Tiantongyuanbei Right arrow
connects Line 5
 Shaoyaoju
Line 13
Left arrow Dongzhimen – Xizhimen Right arrow
 Taiyanggong
Line 17
Left arrow Workers' Stadium – Future Science City North Right arrow
Ba river
Capital Airport Express Terminal 3 Right arrow
line 12 Dongbabei Right arrow
 Sanyuanqiao
Capital Airport Express and Line 12 (to be opened 2024)
Left arrow line 12 Sijiqingqiao
Left arrow Capital Airport Express Beixinqiao
 Liangmaqiao
Liangma river
 Agricultural Exhibition Center
Tuanjiehu
Line 3 (to be opened 2024)
Left arrow Dongsi Shitiao – Dongbabei Right arrow
 Hujialou
Line 6
Left arrow Jin'anqiao – Lucheng Right arrow
 Jintai Xizhao
Line 28 (to be opened 2029)
Left arrow Dongdaqiao－Guangqudonglu Right arrow
 Guomao
Line 1
Left arrow Fushouling – Universal Resort Right arrow
Tonghui river
Jingha railway crossing
 Shuangjing
Line 7
Left arrow Beijing West railway station – Universal Resort Right arrow
 Jingsong
Panjiayuan
Jingjin ICR crossing
line 14 Shangezhuang Right arrow
 Shilihe
Line 14
Line 17
Left arrow Future Science City North – Jiahuihu Right arrow
Left arrow line 14 Zhangguozhuang
 Fenzhongsi
Chengshousi
Songjiazhuang yard
connects Yizhuang line
BJS Rolling Stock Factory
Songjiazhuang
Line 5 and Yizhuang line
Yizhuang line Yizhuang railway station Right arrow
Left arrow line 5 Tiantongyuanbei
 Shiliuzhuang
Liangshui river
 Dahongmen
Line 8 (not open)
Left arrow Zhuxinzhuang – Yinghai Right arrow
 Jiaomendong
Jiaomenxi
Line 4
Left arrow Anheqiaobei – Tiangongyuan Right arrow
 Caoqiao
Line 19
Left arrow Mudanyuan – Xingong Right arrow
Daxing Airport Express
Left arrow Lize Shangwuqu (to be opened 2025) – Daxing Airport Right arrow
Ma'cao river
Jinghu HSR crossing
Jingjiu railway crossing
 Jijiamiao
Capital Univ. of Economics & Business
Fangshan line
Left arrow Dongguantounan – Yancundong Right arrow
Fengtai railway station (China Railway)
 Fengtai railway station (subway)
Line 16
Left arrow Bei'anhe – Wanpingcheng Right arrow
 Niwa
Xiju
Line 14
Left arrow Shangezhuang – Zhangguozhuang Right arrow
 Liuliqiao
Line 9
Left arrow National Library – Guogongzhuang Right arrow
Jingguang railway Xichang connection
Jingguang HSR crossing
 Lianhuaqiao
Gongzhufen
Line 1
Left arrow Universal Resort – Fushouling Right arrow
Yongding River diversion canal
 Xidiaoyutai
Jingmi diversion canal
 Cishousi
Line 6
Left arrow Lucheng – Jin'anqiao Right arrow
Wulu yard
connects Line 6
Chedaogou
Changchunqiao
Line 12 (to be opened 2024)
Left arrow Dongbabei – Sijiqingqiao Right arrow
 Huoqiying
Jingmi diversion canal

Line 10 of the Beijing Subway (Chinese: 北京地铁10号线; pinyin: běijīng dìtiě shíhào xiàn) is the second loop line in Beijing's rapid transit network as well as the second longest and most widely used line. The line is 57.024 km (35.433 mi) in length,[3] and runs entirely underground through Haidian, Chaoyang and Fengtai Districts, either directly underneath or just beyond the 3rd Ring Road.[4] The Line 10 loop is situated between 2 and 6 kilometres (1.243 and 3.728 mi) outside the Line 2 loop, which circumnavigates Beijing's old Inner City. Every subway line through the city centre intersects with Line 10, which has 24 transfer stations along route, and 45 stations in all.[4] Line 10's color is capri.

Line 10 was the world's longest rapid transit loop line since its completion in May 2013[5][4] till March 2023[a] and one of the longest entirely underground subway lines requiring 104 minutes to complete one full journey in either direction.[5][4]

History[edit]

Segment Commencement Length[3] Station(s) Name
Bagou — Jingsong 19 July 2008 24.680 km (15.335 mi) 22 Phase 1
Xiju — Bagou 30 December 2012 13.843 km (8.602 mi) 9 Phase 2 (initial section)
Jingsong — Capital Univ. of Economics & Business 15.932 km (9.900 mi) 11
Capital Univ. of Economics & Business — Xiju 5 May 2013 3.420 km (2.125 mi) 2 Phase 2 (final section)
Jiaomendong Infill station 1

Planning[edit]

The Beijing Subway network was originally conceived to have only one loop line.[7] The booming economy and explosive population growth of Beijing put huge demand on Line 2, surpassing its designed capacity. In 2001 and 2002, the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design proposed two "L-shaped" lines named Line 10 and 11. Together they would form a second loop around Beijing and relieve pressure on line 2.[8]

Phase I[edit]

On December 27, 2003, in preparation for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Phase 1 of Line 10 started construction.[9] On July 19, 2008, Phase I of Line 10 entered operation ahead of the opening of the Olympic Games.[10] It was 24.68 km (15.34 mi) in length and had 22 stations. Phase I consisted of the northern and eastern sides of Line 10's rectangular loop from Bagou to Jingsong forming an inverted L-shaped line.

  • Liangmaqiao Station
    Liangmaqiao Station
  • Beitucheng Station
    Beitucheng Station
  • Zhichunli Station
    Zhichunli Station
  • Jiandemen Station
    Jiandemen Station

Phase II[edit]

Construction on Phase II began on December 28, 2007. which meant that the original plan for Line 11 was not incorporated into the final network design and was instead absorbed into Line 10. Line 10 formed the second full loop around Beijing.[11] In 2010, the Ministry of Railways proposed that Fengtai Railway Station was to be renovated and expanded to become a bigger intercity rail terminal for Beijing, with access to the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway. The rationale was to ease intercity traffic pressure on Beijing West railway station.[12] Due to the need to reorganize the stations on Line 10 to better serve the new rail terminal, work stopped on 2 stations, namely Mengjiacun (孟家村) and Niwa (泥洼).[13] The planning department proposed that the original Mengjiacun and Niwa subway stations be merged into the new Fengtai railway station, known as the "three stations into one" program. Local residents, after realizing their travel to a subway station would be greatly lengthened, quickly opposed the plan.[14] Planners reconsidered and moved Niwa station 300 m (984 ft) north to its current position and Mengjiacun station 100 m (328 ft) north to be renamed as Fengtai Railway Station.[15] The original station shells were demolished and new stations built in their respective new locations. Niwa station started reconstruction in February 2012,[16] while Fengtai railway station started on April 11, 2012.[17] This made the late 2012 opening date for that section of Line 10 highly unlikely and was postponed to the next year.[18] On December 30, 2012, the first section of Phase II, consisting of the southern and western sides of the loop opened. With the opening of Phase I and Phase II, Line 10 became a "C" shape.[19]

The near completion of Line 10 led to rapid growth of Line 10's ridership. At the same time, some traffic from Line 1 was diverted to the parallel and newly opened Line 6, allowing Line 10 to overtake Line 1 as Beijing's busiest subway line.[20] The Beijing Subway started operating express trains that ran non-stop between Songjiazhuang to Jinsong to alleviate traffic in the southeastern section of Line 10. These express trains stopped operating after the completion of the loop.[21]

The loop was fully enclosed on May 5, 2013 with the opening of Fengtai and Niwa stations, as well as the infill Jiaomen East.[4][10][22][23] Initially, Line 10 services consisted of a "full-loop" service that make the journey through all 45 stations in 104 minutes, and "partial-loop" trains that run from Chedaogou in the north-west to Songjiazhuang in the south-east before turning back.[4] With the delivery of more rolling stock, "partial-loop" trains were removed and all trains are now serving the full loop at a headway of 2 minutes and 15 seconds. By 2014, the completed loop carried on average 1.69 million passengers per day.[24] By 2019, large sections of Line 10 operated above 100% capacity, particularly the eastern and northern sections. Beijing Subway has responded by increasing the frequency of trains to every two minutes and removing some seats on trains to increase capacity.[25][26]

  • Concourse of Panjiayuan station
    Concourse of Panjiayuan station
  • Concourse of Fengtai Railway Station (subway station)
    Concourse of Fengtai Railway Station (subway station)
  • Ceiling of Gongzhufen station, Line 10
    Ceiling of Gongzhufen station, Line 10
  • Concourse of Dahongmen station, Line 10
    Concourse of Dahongmen station, Line 10

Operation[edit]

Line 10 to scale

From Bagou near Wanliu Park in Haidian District, Line 10 runs straight east, between the northern 3rd and 4th Ring Roads. At Xitucheng, the line meets the northern section of the Yuan dynasty earthen city wall, called tucheng. Jiandemen and Anzhenmen stations are named after former gates in the wall. At Beitucheng, Line 8 (Phase 1) extends off Line 10 and provides access to the Beijing Olympic Green. Farther east, Line 10 turns south after the Sanyuanqiao and follows the eastern 3rd Ring Road straight south to Jingsong in Chaoyang District. The Bagou-Jingsong section constituted Phase I of Line 10, which first opened in July 2008, and connects the university district in Haidian with the embassy district and Beijing CBD. A trip from Bagou to Jingsong takes about 40 minutes. The full loop takes about 104 minutes.[5]

Fare[edit]

Starting fare of RMB(¥) 3 that increases according to the distance fare scheme introduced in December 2014.

Regular subway users can use a Yikatong card, which offers even cheaper journeys, as well as mobile phone apps, which deploy payment via a QR code.

Hours of Operation[edit]

The first train on the inner (clockwise) loop departs from Xiju towards Shoujingmao at 5:20 am. The first train on the outer (counter-clockwise) loop departs from Shoujingmao towards Xiju at 6:12 am. The last inner loop train leaves Xiju for Bagou at 11:29 pm. The last outer loop train leaves Shoujingmao for Chedaogou at 11:06 pm. For the official timetable, see.[27]

Safety[edit]

There are subway public security bureaus (police stations) located in the Bagou, Beitucheng and Liangmaqiao stations. Emergencies can be reported by calling 110 or 64011327.[28]

Stations[edit]

Some trains terminate at stations marked '*'.

Station Name Connections Nearby Bus Stops Travel
Time 		Distance
km[3][29] 		Location
English Chinese
— ↑ loop line - towards Huoqiying ↑ — -1.495
Bagou 巴沟* Xijiao Line, Beijing Subway  Xijiao  74 302 304 307 361 386 424 528 534 539 613 614 630 644 664 快速直达专线26 通医专线6 夜9 0:00 0.000 Haidian
Suzhou Jie 苏州街  16  26 302 304 307 361 374 386 424 450 528 613 630 634 644 671 688 快速直达专线26 快速直达专线37 快速直达专线126 快速直达专线127 快速直达专线177 快速直达专线200 快速直达专线204 夜9 0:02 1.110
Haidian Huangzhuang 海淀黄庄  4  145 302 304 305 307 320 332 355 365 386 584 614 630 634 653 671 681 快速直达专线26 快速直达专线37 快速直达专线126 快速直达专线127 快速直达专线139 快速直达专线147 通医专线6 夜8 夜9 0:04 0.950 2.060
Zhichunli 知春里 304 323 386 549 579 630 634 653 671 夜9 0:06 0.975 3.035
Zhichun Lu 知春路  13  304 311 319 386 579 601 630 653 671 快速直达专线93 夜9 专168 0:08 1.058 4.093
Xitucheng 西土城  Changping  21 94 304 375 386 478 579 601 603 653 658 671 686 693 快速直达专线93 夜9 夜14 0:10 1.101 5.194
Mudanyuan 牡丹园  19  16 21 22 47 123 135 304 331 345快 425 508 510 579 601 606 618 620 645 653 658 夜4 夜9 0:12 1.330 6.524
Jiandemen 健德门 21 55 143 315 344 345 510 601 618 620 625 653 658 695 夜2 夜9 夜38 0:14 0.973 7.497 Haidian / Chaoyang[b]
Beitucheng 北土城  8  5 21 81 82 92 113 142 380 409 515 607 620 653 694 夜6 夜9 专8 0:16 1.100 8.597 Chaoyang
Anzhenmen 安贞门 108 117 124 142 301 380 409 515 653 694 944 BRT3(快速公交3) BRT3区(快速公交3区) 夜9 夜34 专8 0:18 1.020 9.617
Huixin Xijie Nankou 惠新西街南口  5  95 125 361 430 464 515 921 944 夜26 0:21 0.982 10.599
Shaoyaoju 芍药居  13  119 515 547 567 696 942快 快速直达专线41 快速直达专线65 快速直达专线172 专22 0:24 1.712 12.311
Taiyanggong 太阳宫  17  130 132 467 515 567 939 966 专212 0:26 1.003 13.314
Sanyuanqiao 三元桥  Capital Airport  18 95 104 132 300 300快 302 359 368 379 401 403 404 419 536 604 641 671 847 850 850快 852 915 915快 916 916快 918 935 935快 936 939 980 980快 快速直达专线72 快速直达专线141 快速直达专线169 快速直达专线195 快速直达专线196 夜18 夜30 0:28 1.759 15.073
Liangmaqiao 亮马桥 4 95 402 403 405 413 416 418 419 499 516 536 672 675 687 985 快速直达专线141 快速直达专线195 快速直达专线196 夜30 夜32 专114 0:31 1.506 16.579
Agricultural Exhibition Center 农业展览馆 4 95 135 300 300快 302 368 402 405 416 499 516 671 672 675 687 690 夜30 夜32 专114 专142 0:33 0.914 17.493
Tuanjiehu 团结湖 4 43 95 113 115 117 302 405 406 431 499 650 675 687 690 快速直达专线78 快速直达专线195 快速直达专线196 夜3 夜30 夜34 专5 专114 专142 0:35 0.853 18.346
Hujialou 呼家楼  6  75 113 115 126 140 350 368 405 412 650 671 687 BRT2(快速公交2) 快速直达专线78 夜6 夜30 夜34 专5 专114 0:37 1.149 19.495
Jintai Xizhao 金台夕照 9 98 101 113 118 350 368 405 488 615 650 671 687 BRT2(快速公交2) 夜13 夜30 夜34 专114 0:39 0.734 20.229
Guomao 国贸  1  1 9 11 28 57 58 72 98 113 348 368 382 388 402 405 421 488 561 647 650 666 667 668 669 687 804 805快 806 807 808 809 814 816 817 818 818快 846 848 930 938快 976 快速直达专线5 快速直达专线9 快速直达专线20 快速直达专线61 快速直达专线69 快速直达专线169 夜1 夜27 夜30 专10 0:41 0.835 21.064
Shuangjing 双井  7  23 28 54 57 72 98 300 300快 312 348 368 402 637 669 687 805快 846 848 938快 976 快速直达专线85 快速直达专线192 通医专线4 夜7 夜29 夜30 专10 专87 专165 0:43 1.759 22.823
Jingsong 劲松 8 28 29 35 41 52 54 72 91 98 352 368 402 457 535 637 638 687 通医专线4 夜19 夜30 0:45 1.006 23.829
Panjiayuan 潘家园 28 34 63 300 300快 368 378 535 638 687 805快 846 848 938快 976 快速直达专线91 夜30 0:47 1.021 24.850
Shilihe 十里河  14   17  28 53 300 300快 352 368 378 439 440 513 638 649 680 687 846 848 973 975 976 985 986 995 快速直达专线91 快速直达专线217 夜30 专19 0:49 1.097 25.947
Fenzhongsi 分钟寺 352 0:52 1.804 27.751 Fengtai
Chengshousi 成寿寺* 25 93 128 665 680 821 985 990 快速直达专线182 夜23 专189 专196 0:54 1.058 28.809 Chaoyang
Songjiazhuang 宋家庄*  5   Yizhuang  2 39 84 139 141 366 511 524 526 555 576 581 990 快速直达专线116 快速直达专线211 夜28 专62 专189 0:57 1.677 30.486 Fengtai
Shiliuzhuang 石榴庄 17 120 141 820 829 夜28 专76 专130 0:59 1.269 31.755
Dahongmen 大红门 54 324 343 622 687 827 BRT1(快速公交1) 快速直达专线16 专13 专34 专76 专163 1:01 1.244 32.999
Jiaomendong 角门东 14 54 70 343 501 511 687 957 专13 专34 专76 专145 专176 1:03 1.130 34.129
Jiaomenxi 角门西  4  30 51 72 144 474 501 529 646 954 快速直达专线160 夜18 专145 专209 1:06 1.254 35.383
Caoqiao 草桥  19   Daxing Airport  381 410 423 434 456 483 497 529 676 679 夜22 专179 专209 1:09 1.688 37.071
Jijiamiao 纪家庙 1:11 1.547 38.618
Capital Univ. of Economics & Business 首经贸  Fangshan  67 351 692 912 通医专线7 专180 1:14 1.143 39.761
Fengtai railway station 丰台站  16  Beijing Fengtai railway station FTP 专4 专149 1:17 1.717 41.478
Niwa 泥洼 335 349 395 459 678 845 1:19 0.954 42.432
Xiju 西局  14  83 323 458 480 483 531 830 958 969 973 快速直达专线45 快速直达专线97 夜36 1:21 0.749 43.181
Liuliqiao 六里桥  9  57 133 477 554 568 603 838 941 941快 982 专3 1:24 1.584 44.765
Lianhuaqiao 莲花桥 62 89 134 323 374 603 890 977 快速直达专线68 夜30 专3 1:28 2.392 47.157 Haidian
Gongzhufen 公主坟  1  1 32 33 40 52 62 64 68 74 76 77 89 94 134 300 300快 308 323 335 337 368 370 374 394 437 603 624 631快 698 977 977快 夜1 夜5 夜30 1:30 1.016 48.173
Xidiaoyutai 西钓鱼台 4 27 33 40 62 85 87 92 97 121 335 414 481 612 627 632 634 653 686 693 698 967 977 977快 BRT4(快速公交4) 快速直达专线104 快速直达专线137 快速直达专线144 夜13 夜16 1:33 2.386 50.559
Cishousi 慈寿寺*  6  33 40 61 73 85 481 507 632 夜3 专98 1:35 1.214 51.773
Chedaogou 车道沟* 40 85 87 114 360 424 437 450 481 604 609 夜12 1:37 1.590 53.363
Changchunqiao 长春桥 33 74 355 360 365 424 425 437 539 644 664 688 921 1:39 1.205 54.568
Huoqiying 火器营 74 424 437 专75 1:41 0.961 55.529
— ↓ Loop line - towards Bagou ↓ — 1.495 57.024

Technology[edit]

Rolling Stock[edit]

Line 10 utilizes a fleet of 6-car DKZ15 trains manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Initially when Phase I opened the line was operated with a fleet of only 40 trainsets (240 cars).[30] Some sets operated on the Olympic section of Line 8 before Line 8 was extended and acquired its own dedicated rolling stock.[31] When Line 10 Phase II opened the fleet was expanded to 84 trains.[32] However the two existing depots serving Line 10 had insufficient capacity for the entire fleet. Therefore, only 76 trainsets could operate on the line with 8 being temporary stored in other Beijing Subway depots.[33] With the opening of the new depot in Songjiazhuang and the need to reduce the headway on line to decrease crowding, an additional 32 trainsets were ordered. The fleet grew to 116 trainsets allowing Line 10 to operate at a headway of every 2 minutes throughout the line during rush hour.[34] Some trains had some seats removed to increase capacity

Model Image Manufacturer Year Built Amount in Service Fleet Numbers Depot
DKZ15 CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles
Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment
CRRC Dalian 		2007 43 W401–W443 Wanliu
Wulu
Songjiazhuang
DKZ34 2011 41 10 044–10 084
DKZ46 2013 32 10 085–10 116

Signaling system[edit]

Siemens Transportation Systems and China Railway Signaling & Communication Corp. have equipped the entire line with Siemens's Trainguard MT Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) system.[35] As a fallback, ETCS Level 1 is also available.[36]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ As of March 2023, Line 10 of Beijing Subway is the second longest rapid transit loop line after Bolshaya Koltsevaya line of Moscow Metro.[6]
  2. ^ Jiandemen station straddles the border between Haidian and Chaoyang Districts.

References[edit]

  1. ^ 北京市人大代表丁树奎：地铁10号线客流压力大 建议修建复线. Nanfang. Archived from the original on 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  2. ^ 2014年4月30日综合交通总体运行情况. 北京市交通信息中心 北京市交通运行监测调度中心. 2014-05-01. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  3. ^ a b c d "10号线线路网车站站间距信息". Archived from the original on 2023-03-02.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Chen Lin (陈琳); Liu Yang (刘洋); Zhang Lu (张璐) (2013-05-06). 北京地铁10号线贯通全长57公里 跑一圈近2小时. Beijing Morning News.
  5. ^ a b c Chen Lin (陈琳) (2013-04-30). 北京地铁10号线将"成环" 全程57公里104分钟 [Beijing Subway Line 10 to "complete loop"; the full 57 km (35 mi) journey will take 104 minutes]. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
  6. ^ "Moscow Metro launches World's longest metro circle line - Big Circle Line 11". Metro Rail Today. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  7. ^ "北京地铁诞生记：周总理称筹建地铁是为备战（第一部分）". 北京日报. 新华网. 2007-09-28. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-23.
  8. ^ "北京城市轨道交通线网调整规划". 郭春安. Archived from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
  9. ^ 北京地铁10号线一期奥运前竣工 解读全部站点. 搜狐. 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
  10. ^ a b (Chinese) 北京地铁10号线二期12月28日开工 京华时报 Nov. 4, 2008
  11. ^ "北京：地铁10号线二期12月28日开工 2013年竣工". Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
  12. ^ 李贵民 (2010-03-29). "北京丰台火车站改造扩建工程提上日程". Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  13. ^ 梁琦 (2011-01-05). "丰台站改扩建 启动拆迁前期准备". Archived from the original on 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
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  15. ^ 耿诺 (2010-07-30). "北京地铁10号线两车站北移与丰台火车站接驳". Retrieved 2013-01-20.
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External links[edit]

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