List of kings of Axum

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The kings of Axum ruled an important trading state in the area which is now Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, from 400 B.C–960 AD.[1]

Zenith of the Kingdom of Axum[edit]

Dates of Tenure Name Notes
c. 1st century Zoskales The often identification of Zoskales with Za Haqele is unlikely given that the earliest of these lists post date the Periplus by well over a thousand years[2]
c. 200- GDRT
(vocalized by historians as "Gadarat")
inscriptions mention his son BYGT (vocalized as "Beygat" or "Beyga")
c. 230 – 240 `DBH
(vocalized as "`Azaba" or "`Adhebah")
inscriptions mention his son GRMT (vocalized as "Girma")
c. 240-260 Sembrouthes
c. 260-270 DTWNS
(vocalized as "Datawnas")
inscriptions mention his son ZQRNS (vocalized as "Zaqarnas")
c. 270 – 300 Endubis
310-315 Aphilas
315-320 Wazeba
320-328 Ousanas
328-350 Ezana his mother Sofya of Axum was regent during his minority
c. 350 MHDYS
(vocalized as "Mehadeyis")
fl. late 4th century Ouazebas
c. 400 Eon possibly the "Huina" from the Book of the Himyarites
fl. 5th century Ebana
fl. 5th century Nezool also called "Nezana"
c. 500 Ousas,
also spelled "Ousana(s)"
possibly Tazena, father of Kaleb
c. early 6th century Kaleb tradition names his son Gebre Meskel
c. early to mid 6th century Gebre Meskel
c. mid 6th century Alla Amidas
c. 550[3] Israel tradition also records an Israel, son of Kaleb
fl. mid-6th century Wazena
fl. mid-6th century W`ZB
vocalized as "Wa`zeb"
possibly "Ella Gabaz", son of Kaleb
c. 577 Saifu
c. 580[3] Gersem
c. 590[3] Hataz identified with "Iathlia"
c. 600[3] Ioel
c. 614 Najashi possibly identical with Sahama
died c. 630 Sahama tradition also records an Ella Tsaham (Illa Ṣaḥām)

Later kings[edit]

Name[4] Notes Dates
(E. A. Wallis Budge)[4]
Dates
(Tafari Makannon/Charles Fernand Rey)[5]
(Gregorian Dates)[nb 1]
Dates
(John Stewart)[7]
Kwastantinos or Constantine[4] All kings ruled between 600–900 c. 544 – 572 564–578
Wasan Sagad Bazagar?[4] c. 572 – 587 578–591
Fere Shanay or Fere Shernay[4] c. 587 – 610 591–601
'Adre'az or 'Adre'azar[4] c. 610 – 630 601–623
'Akla Wedem or Eklewudem[4][7] c. 630 – 638 623–633
Germa Safar c. 638 – 653 633–648
Zergaz or Gergaz[4] c. 653 – 663 648–656
Degna Mikael or Dengna Mika'el[4] c. 663 – 689 656–677
Bahr Ikela c. 689 – 708 677–696
Gum or Hezba Seyon[7] c. 708 – 732 696–720
'Asgwomgum c. 732 – 737 720–725
Letem c. 737 – 753 725–741
Talatem c. 753 – 774 741–762
'Oda Gosh or 'Oda Sasa[4]/ Adegos[7] c. 774 – 787 762–775
'Ayzur who reigned half a day and was strangled to death[4] c. 787 775
Dedem or Dedem Almaz[7] c. 787 – 782 775–780
Wededem c. 782 – 802 780–790
Wedem 'Asfare or Demawedem;[7] reigned 150 years according to some traditions.[4] c. 802 – 832 790–820
'Armah or Rema Armah[7] c. 832 – 837 820–825
Degna Djan or Ged'a Djan[4] c. 837 – 856 825–845
Ged'a Djan Not listed as a separate king by Budge c. 856 – 857 845–846
Gudit (Queen) Not included on Budge's list c. 857 – 897 846–885
'Anbasa Wedem son of Degna Djan All kings reigned from 600–900 c. 897 – 917 885–905
Dil Na'od son of Degna Djan c. 917 – 960 905 – c. 950

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The dates included on Tafari Makannon's king list follow the Ethiopian calendar. According to Charles Fernand Rey, the Gregorian date equivalent would be 7 or 8 years ahead.[6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ S.C. Munro-Hay, Aksum (Edinburgh: University Press, 1991), pp. 67f
  2. ^ Hatke, George (2013-01-07). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6.
  3. ^ a b c d Lusini, Gianfrancesco (2005). "Philology and the Reconstruction of the Ethiopian Past". In Herausgegeben von Walter Raunig; Steffen Wenig (eds.). Afrikas Horn: Akten der Ersten Internationalen Littmann-Konferenz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 97.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928). A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1). London: Methuen & Co. p. 269-270.
  5. ^ C. F. Rey, In the Country of the Blue Nile (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 270-271
  6. ^ C. F. Rey, In the Country of the Blue Nile (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 263
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 23. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.