Fukushima Masanori
Fukushima Masanori | |
|---|---|
| 福島 正則 | |
 Fukushima Masanori | |
| Lord of Hiroshima | |
| In office 1600–1619 | |
| Preceded by | Mōri Terumoto |
| Succeeded by | Asano Nagaakira |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ichimatsu 1561 Futatsudera, Kaitō, Owari Province |
| Died | August 26, 1624 (aged 62–63) |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Spouse | Omasa |
| Parent |
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| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Toyotomi clan Eastern Army Tokugawa shogunate |
| Unit |  Fukushima clan |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Miki Battle of Yamazaki Battle of Shizugatake Kyūshū campaign Korean campaign Battle of Gifu Castle Battle of Sekigahara |
Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則, 1561 – August 26, 1624) was a Japanese daimyō of the late Sengoku period to early Edo period who served as lord of the Hiroshima Domain. A retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he fought in the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, and soon became known as one of Seven Spears of Shizugatake which also included Katō Kiyomasa and others.
Biography[edit]
Fukushima Ichimatsu, was born in 1561, in Futatsudera, Kaitō, Owari Province (present-day Ama, Aichi Prefecture), the eldest son of barrel merchant Fukushima Masanobu. However, it is also said that his father, Masanobu, was his father-in-law. In the latter case, his father is believed to have been cooper Hoshino Narimasa from Kiyosu, Kasugai, Owari Province (present-day Kiyosu, Aichi Prefecture).[1] His mother was the younger sister of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's mother, making Hideyoshi his first cousin.[1]
As a young man, he served as a page (koshō) of Hideyoshi through their mothers' relation.[1]
He first engaged in battle at the assault on Miki Castle in 1578-1580 at Harima Province, and following the Battle of Yamazaki in 1582, he was granted a 500 koku stipend.
At the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, he defeated Haigo Gozaemon, a prominent samurai.[2] Masanori (Tenshō 11) had the honor of taking the first head, namely that of the enemy general Ogasato Ieyoshi, receiving a 5000 koku increase in his stipend for this distinction (the other six "Spears" each received 3000 Koku), he married with Omasa.
Masanori took part in many of Hideyoshi's campaigns; it was after the Kyūshū Expedition in 1587, however, that he was made a daimyō. Receiving the fief of Imabari in Iyo Province, his income was rated at 110,000 koku. Soon after, he took part in the Korean Campaign. Masanori was to once again receive distinction when he took Ch'ongju in 1592.[3]
Following his involvement in the Korean campaign, Masanori was involved in the pursuit of Toyotomi Hidetsugu. He led 10,000 men in 1595, surrounded Seiganji temple on Mount Kōya, and waited until Hidetsugu had committed suicide.[4] With Hidetsugu dead, Masanori received a 90,000 koku increase in stipend, and received Hidetsugu's former fief of Kiyosu, in Owari Province as well.[5]
Battle of Sekigahara[edit]
In 1600, Masanori sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu 'Eastern army' at the Battle of Sekigahara. In September, 1600, Masanori took part in the Battle of Gifu Castle against Oda Hidenobu of the Ishida Mitsunari western forces. The battle served as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara the following month.
At the main battle of Sekigahara, he was the leader of the Tokugawa advance guard. He started the battle, and charged north from the Eastern Army's left flank along the Fuji River, attacking the Western Army's right center. Masanori's troops fought against Ukita Hideie's army in what is said to have been one of the bloodiest confrontations in the battle. Ukita's troops were winning the battle, pushing back Masanori's army. However, Kobayakawa Hideaki changed sides to support the Eastern army, and later, Masanori's army started winning the fight and the Eastern Army won the battle.
After Sekigahara, Masanori ensured the survival of his domain. Although he later lost his holdings, his descendants became hatamoto in the service of the Tokugawa shōgun.
Forfeit of titles[edit]
Shortly after the death of Ieyasu in 1619, Masanori was accused of breaching Buke Shohatto by repairing a small part of the Hiroshima Castle, which was damaged during the flood caused by a typhoon, without receiving permission. Although Masanori applied for permission two months before, he had not received it officially from the bakufu. It is said that he repaired only the leaky part of the building out of necessity. Although this case was settled down on the condition that Masanori, who was in attendance for his duty in Edo, would apologize and remove the repaired parts of the castle, the bakufu again accused him of insufficient removal of the repaired parts, and as a result, his territories in Aki and Bingo Provinces worth 500,000 koku were confiscated; instead he was given Takaino Domain, one of 4 counties in Kawanakajima, Shinano Province and Uonuma County, Echigo Province worth 45,000 koku.
Nihongo spear[edit]
Nihongo spear (or Nippongo) (日本号): A famous spear that was once used in the Imperial Palace. This is one of The Three Great Spears of Japan. Nihongo later found its way into the possession of Fukushima Masanori, and then Tahei Mori. It is now at the Fukuoka City Museum where it was restored.
In popular culture[edit]
Fukushima Masanori is featured in Koei's video games Kessen, Kessen III, Samurai Warriors, and as a non-playable character in Samurai Warriors 3. He is a playable character in the third installment's expansions, Samurai Warriors 3 Z and Samurai Warriors 3: Xtreme Legends, and in the fourth installment, Samurai Warriors 4 and its subsequent expansions. He is a playable character in Pokémon Conquest (Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition in Japan), with his partner Pokémon being Krokorok and Krookodile.[6]
He is mentioned in the movie Harakiri (1962). In the movie his fictional retainer Tsugumo Hanshiro is the protagonist.
Tachi[edit]
Fukushima Masanori's tachi is valued 105 million dollars, and was called "the most expensive sword in the world". It is now in the Tamoikin Art Fund.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Fukushima masanori : Saigo no sengoku busho. Takeichiro Fukuo, Atsushi Fujimoto, 猛市郎 福尾, 篤 藤本. 中央公論新社. 1999. pp. 1, 4, 14. ISBN 4-12-101491-X. OCLC 675273046.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. p. 234,240. ISBN 9781854095237.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Invasion. London: Cassell & Co., p. 120.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Invasion. London: Cassell & Co., p. 232.
- ^ Berry, Mary Elizabeth. Hideyoshi. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 127–128.
- ^ "Masanori + Krokorok - Pokémon Conquest characters". Pokémon. Retrieved 2012-06-17.
- ^ "The Most Expensive Sword in the World - $100 Million Samurai Tachi". World Art News. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
External links[edit]
- Biography of Fukushima Masanori (in Japanese)
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