2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election
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All 240 seats in the National Assembly 121 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 52.47% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 12 May 2013, two months ahead of schedule.[1] Protests had forced the resignation of the GERB government in February, leading to the election being moved up.[2]
The elections resulted in a minority parliament, with no party winning a majority of seats. Furthermore, voter turnout was at its lowest since the end of the Communist era.[3] For the first time since the return to democracy in 1990, a political party (GERB) won two elections in a row. Despite emerging victorious, GERB's leader, Boyko Borisov, called for the election results to be annulled, claiming that there had been "illegal campaigning" on the day before the election.[4]
Background[edit]
High electricity prices and poverty ignited mass protests in February 2013, eventually leading to the resignation of the GERB government and early elections.[5] The elections were originally scheduled to be held in July, but had to be brought forward. The government resigned the day after clashes between the police and protesters led to bloodshed and a number of civilians being badly injured. А caretaker government was appointed on 13 March 2013 by President Rosen Plevneliev to serve until the elections. On 28 February, Plevneliev announced the earliest possible date for the election would be 12 May.[6]
Electoral system[edit]
The 240 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed-list proportional representation in 31 multi-member constituencies.[7] Parties had to receive at least 4% of the national vote to win any of the proportional seats, which were distributed using the largest remainder method.[8]
Parties that failed to pass the 4% threshold, but received more than 1% of the national vote were to be allocated annual state subsidies to the amount of 12 leva (€6) per vote received.[9]
Campaign[edit]
As a result of the protests over electricity prices, the distribution license for Czech utility company ČEZ was revoked. President Rosen Plevneliev told parliament: "I believe that the necessary key changes in the laws should be decided by a new parliament. The decision is to hold elections."[6]
Former European Commissioner Meglena Kuneva broke from the National Movement for Stability and Progress, formed around Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She claimed her new party would have significant support even though opinion polls indicated otherwise. She also indicated that it was likely her civil society organisation, Movement "Bulgaria of the Citizens", would become a party as it was "the only way to participate in elections." Rumours suggested she could be a coalition partner to GERB, but she played down such suggestions. In the Socialist party there was infighting over whether Sergei Stanishev or Georgi Parvanov would lead the party.[10]
Several of the parties were newly formed by citizens, resulting from the public discontent from the 2013 Bulgarian protests and the months leading up to them. One such party is People's Voice, formed by Hipodil frontman Svetlio Vitkov.[11] Others were led by citizens using the ticket of parties which were already in existence, as they had not managed to fulfill the strict registration requirements in the two months between the government's resignation and the elections – one such party is the Democratic Citizens' Initiative.[12] In all cases, the citizens' parties still needed to collect the 7,000 signatures necessary for participating in the elections.[13]
Controversy[edit]
Al Jazeera reported voter apathy due to scandals and disappointment with politicians. During the campaign there were also allegations of fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal. The day before the election, a printing press in Kostinbrod was raided and 350,000 alleged illegally printed ballots were recovered. BSP leader Sergey Stanishev said that this was preparation for fraud with 10 percent of the electoral turnout being falsified for about 25 constituencies. He said: "This is a scandal unseen in Bulgaria so far." There was also allegations of illegal wiretapping of politicians. Prosecutors suggested former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible with media revealing Borisov's alleged summons of Sofia's chief prosecutor to discuss details of the bribery probe. The OSCE's monitoring delegation member Eoghan Murphy said of the fraudulent ballot papers: "It's not for us to investigate these matters. It is for the Bulgarian authorities, but we will be interested in their assessment of the situation and how they deal with the matter as reported."[14] In their post-election press-conferences and press interviews, many of the parties stated that the vote should be invalidated because of the so-called "ballot-gate".
The revelation of the illegal ballots was made on the day before the election, designated "day for thought", when no political campaigning is allowed. Most of the major parties held press conferences immediately after the revelation, after which the Prosecutor's office made a formal announcement on the matter.[15] The Prosecution was then accused by GERB that their announcement "cost them 5-6% of the vote",[16] and four days later, in their first press conference since election night, Borisov stated that he will officially ask for an invalidation of the vote.[17]
Opinion polls[edit]
| Pollster | Date | GERB | BSP | DPS | Ataka | DSB | SDS | DBG | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCIOM | 10 May | 34 | 25 | 13 | 9 | [18] | |||
| Skala | 10 May | 26.8 | 26.4 | 11.5 | 9.2 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 5.4 | [19] |
| Mediana | 10 May | 32.0 | 31.5 | 11.6 | 8.0 | ~4 | [20] | ||
| Gallup BBSS | 10 May | 29-35 | 28-32 | 10-12 | 7-9 | 3-5 | [20] | ||
| Alfa Research | 9 May | 33 | 28 | 10 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 2 | 4 | [21] |
| Afis | 8 May | 21.8 | 19.5 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 3.4 | [22] | ||
| MBMD | 29 April | 28.3 | 18.7 | 5.2 | 5.2 | ~2 | 4.1 | [23] | |
| NCIOM | 28 April | 23.6 | 17.7 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 3.0 | [24] | ||
| Mediana | 25 April | 23.3 | 21.4 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 4.5 | [25] |
| CAM | 24 April | 24.1 | 18.2 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 4.4 | [26] |
| Afis | 19 April | 24.0 | 18.9 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 3.1 | [27] |
| NCIOM | 19 April | 23.9 | 17.5 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 3.1 | [28] |
| Alfa Research | 18 April | 22.5 | 16.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2.9 | [29] |
| Gallup BBSS | 17 April | 22.8 | 19.9 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 3.9 | [30] |
| Mediana | 12 April | 26.4 | 23.7 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 4.5 | [31] |
| NCIOM | 4 April | 24.4 | 17.5 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 3.5 | [32] |
| MBMD | 2 April | 30.1 | 15.6 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 2.7 | [33] | ||
| Skala | 2 April | 25.3 | 20.2 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 6.0 | [34] | ||
| Modern Politics | 2 April | 24.8 | 20.6 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 4.3 | [35] |
| Alfa Research | 1 April | 21.9 | 17.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 3.9 | [36] |
| Sova Harris | 23 March | 19.0 | 18.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.6 | [37] |
| Mediana | 17 March | 21.3 | 20.4 | 7.9 | 4.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 5.1 | [38] |
| Gallup BBSS | 15 March | 19.7 | 18.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 3.0 | [39] |
| Modern Politics | 8 March | 24.1 | 20.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.7 | [40] |
| Mediana | 15 February | 19.3 | 22.5 | 6.8 | 3.6 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 5.9 | [41][42][43] |
| Gallup BBSS | 14 February | 22.6 | 22.1 | 7.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 4.8 | [44][45] |
| Last election | 5 July 2009 | 39.7 | 17.7 | 14.0 | 9.4 | 6.8 | — | ||
- The electoral threshold is 4%.[44]
Results[edit]
There were 6.9 million eligible voters. Voting ended at 21:00. There were also over 250 international electoral monitors.[14] Turnout was 51.3%. Four parties passed the electoral threshold, winning seats in parliament. These four parties account for only 75.76% of all valid ballots cast.
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| GERB | 1,081,605 | 30.55 | −9.17 | 97 | −19 | |
| Coalition for Bulgaria | 942,541 | 26.62 | +8.92 | 84 | +44 | |
| Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 400,466 | 11.31 | −3.14 | 36 | −2 | |
| Attack | 258,481 | 7.30 | −2.06 | 23 | +2 | |
| National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria | 131,169 | 3.70 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgaria for Citizens Movement | 115,190 | 3.25 | New | 0 | New | |
| Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria | 103,638 | 2.93 | − | 0 | −5 | |
| IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | 66,803 | 1.89 | New | 0 | New | |
| Lider | 61,482 | 1.74 | −1.52 | 0 | 0 | |
| Order, Law and Justice | 59,145 | 1.67 | −2.46 | 0 | −10 | |
| Center–Freedom and Dignity | 57,611 | 1.63 | New | 0 | New | |
| Union of Democratic Forces | 48,681 | 1.37 | − | 0 | −9 | |
| People's Voice | 47,419 | 1.34 | New | 0 | New | |
| The Greens | 26,520 | 0.75 | +0.23 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Alternative | 18,267 | 0.52 | New | 0 | New | |
| Proud Bulgaria | 16,126 | 0.46 | New | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Civil Initiative | 15,482 | 0.44 | New | 0 | New | |
| Civil List–Modern Bulgaria | 14,352 | 0.41 | New | 0 | New | |
| Liberal Alliance | 8,873 | 0.25 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgarian Agrarian National Union | 7,715 | 0.22 | New | 0 | New | |
| Party of Bulgarian Women | 6,545 | 0.18 | New | 0 | New | |
| Union of Communists in Bulgaria | 6,168 | 0.17 | New | 0 | New | |
| United People's Party | 6,143 | 0.17 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgarian Left | 5,924 | 0.17 | New | 0 | New | |
| Bulgarian Spring | 4,097 | 0.12 | New | 0 | New | |
| Christian Party of Bulgaria | 3,722 | 0.11 | New | 0 | New | |
| Middle European Class | 3,539 | 0.10 | New | 0 | New | |
| National Democratic Party | 3,445 | 0.10 | New | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Alternative for National Unification | 3,414 | 0.10 | New | 0 | New | |
| National Patriotic Unity | 3,239 | 0.09 | New | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Party | 3,160 | 0.09 | New | 0 | New | |
| The Other Bulgaria | 2,497 | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cause Bulgaria | 2,234 | 0.06 | New | 0 | New | |
| National Unity Movement | 1,786 | 0.05 | New | 0 | New | |
| Christian Social Union | 1,687 | 0.05 | New | 0 | New | |
| Social Democrat Party | 1,300 | 0.04 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 3,540,466 | 100.00 | – | 240 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 3,540,466 | 97.52 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 90,047 | 2.48 | ||||
| Total votes | 3,630,513 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 6,919,260 | 52.47 | ||||
| Source: Central Electoral Commission | ||||||
Reactions[edit]
The election was noted for its low voter turnout. After voting finished, about 50 protesters congregated outside the election centre at the Palace of Culture in Sofia demanding GERB not be given a chance to form a new government. The protesters chanted "mafia" and were involved in brief scuffles with the police.[46] Sergei Stanishev, leader of the second-place Bulgarian Socialist Party, dismissed GERB's chances of forming a government and expressed willingness to negotiate with the other two parties. GERB set a precedent by not holding the traditional post-election press conference for elected parties, and they stayed out of the media for four days until the finalized results came out on Thursday.[47]
Government formation[edit]
On 24 May, Borisov returned the president's mandate to try and form a government. President Rosen Plevneliev then invited the BSP to form a government. Reuters speculated that the BSP and the DPS will put together a cabinet of non-partisan specialists. That will be approved if some of Attack's 23 MPs boycott the vote, as they did for the election of the new speaker, Mihail Mikov.[48] Former Finance Minister Plamen Oresharski was nominated for the post of prime minister by the BSP and, after a meeting with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms,[49] was appointed on 29 May.[50] About his new cabinet, Oresharski said: "I have always been skeptical towards the division between leftists and rightists. There are some situations in which the most important thing is a rational and pragmatic approach. The main criterion for the composition of the cabinet is expertise."[49]
See also[edit]
- 2013 Bulgarian nuclear power referendum
- List of political parties in Bulgaria
- List of Bulgarian constituencies
References[edit]
- ^ Bulgaria Elections 2013 ftp Headlines, 24 March 2013.
- ^ "Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections". BBC. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- ^ Uncertainty reigns after Bulgarian election stalemate Euronews, 13 May 2013
- ^ Opposition, derision for Borissov’s call to annul May 12 elections Sofia Globe, 16 May 2013
- ^ Cage, Sam (20 February 2013). "Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ^ a b "Bulgaria president calls May election after protests". Reuters. 28 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
- ^ Election Profile IFES
- ^ Electoral system IPU
- ^ 9 Parties Win State Subsidies in Bulgaria's General Elections Novinite, 13 May 2013
- ^ Clive Leviev-Sawyer (2012-03-13). "The long, long road to Bulgaria's 2013 parliamentary elections - Opinion". The Sofia Echo. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
- ^ Svetlio Vitkov with the "People's Voice" Party, WebCafe, 6 Oct 2012. Retrieved May 2013.
- ^ The Protest With Its Own Party, OffNews, 22 Mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
- ^ 71 parties want to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections, Dnevnik, 27 mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013.
- ^ a b Deadlock feared after Bulgaria elections
- ^ On the Media Announcements about Kostinbrod Archived 2013-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, Prosecution of the Republic of Bulgaria, 11 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ^ Borisov Accuses Prosecutor for Lost Votes, Dir.bg, 14 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ^ GERB to ask for Invalidation and New Elections, Kapital, 16 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
- ^ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ с 9% преднина пред БСП". Блиц. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
- ^ "Скала: ГЕРБ и БСП изравниха, шест партии в парламента". Отблизо. 2013-05-10. Archived from the original on 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
- ^ a b ""Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно". Dnevnik. 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
- ^ ""Алфа Рисърч": Четири партии влизат в парламента, една е почти сигурна". Dnevnik. 2013-05-09. Retrieved 2013-05-09.
- ^ ""Афис": Кампанията възкреси РЗС, поне пет партии влизат в парламента". Dnevnik. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- ^ "Борисов вкарва 108 депутати в следващото НС, изчисли МБМД". dnes.bg. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
- ^ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 23,6%, БСП - 17,7%, 22% се колебаят". 24 часа. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2013-04-28.
- ^ "Разликата между ГЕРБ и БСП се топи". Труд. 2013-04-25. Archived from the original on 2013-04-26. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
- ^ "New Poll Gives GERB 6% Lead over Bulgaria's Socialists". 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
- ^ ""Афис": ГЕРБ е изчерпала потенциала си, БСП има накъде да расте до изборите". в. Дневник. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
- ^ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ запазва преднината си пред БСП". в. Труд. 2013-04-19. Archived from the original on 2013-04-21. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
- ^ ""Алфа Рисърч": ГЕРБ запазва преднината пред БСП, избирателната активност расте". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ "Шансовете на ГЕРБ и БСП остават "на кантар"". Преса. 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2013-04-17.
- ^ "ГЕРБ срещу БСП с преднина 2,7%". Труд. 2013-04-11. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^ "НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 24,4%, БСП - 17,5%". в. Труд. 2013-04-04. Archived from the original on 2013-04-06. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
- ^ "МБМД огласи официално "онова" изследване". komentator.bg. 2013-04-02. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
- ^ "ГЕРБ 25,3%, БСП 20,2". ПИК. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
- ^ "Обществени нагласи през месец март". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
- ^ ""Алфа Рисърч": Ако изборите бяха днес - ГЕРБ, БСП, ДПС, "Атака" и "България на гражданите" влизат в парламента". dnevnik.bg. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
- ^ "СДС и ДСБ са под чертата на изборите - Меглена Кунева също е аут, "Атака" върви нагоре". blitz.bg. 2013-03-23. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
- ^ "Отново ли "ГЕРБ на власт"?". Труд. 2013-03-18. Archived from the original on 2013-03-21. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ "Обществени нагласи по време на криза". Институт за модерна политика. 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
- ^ "Bulgaria: Bulgarian Ruling Party Would Lose Elections". Novinite.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ^ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". Труд. 2013-02-15. Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ ""Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ". 24 часа. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ a b "Според "Галъп" - по равно, "Медиана" даде предимство на БСП". frognews.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ^ "Кунева губи, печели Волен". Преса. 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
- ^ "Bulgaria election fails to end political stalemate". BBC News Europe. BBC. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
- ^ Borisov stays quiet, Stanishev Speaks (in Bulgarian), Deutsche Welle, 13 May 2013.
- ^ Reuters
- ^ a b "PM Hopeful: New Bulgarian Cabinet Will Be 'Expert, Pragmatic'". Novinite.com. Sofia News Agency. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
- ^ Buckley, Neil (2013-05-29). "Bulgaria parliament votes for a 'Mario Monti' to lead government". FT.com. Retrieved 2013-06-04.
