Azhdahak (volcano)

Mount Azhdahak
Mount Azhdahak
Highest point
Elevation	3,597 m (11,801 ft)
Coordinates	40°13′33″N 44°56′50″E
Geography
Mount Azhdahak Location in Armenia
Location	Gegharkunik Province, Armenia
Parent range	Lesser Caucasus

Azhdahak (Armenian: Աժդահակ) is a volcano in Armenia, the highest point of Gegham mountains. It has an elevation of 3,597 m above sea. It is part of the Gegham Ridge volcanic field, which last erupted at 1900 BC ± 1000 years.

There is a lake in the crater of volcano Azhdahak that is formed from melting snow. From the top of the mountain opens the pictorial landscape of mountains Ararat, Hatis, Ara, Aragats, Lake Sevan, the whole Gegham mountains and the Kotayk valley.

In the surroundings of Azhdahak there is a lake, Akna (Armenian: Ակնալիճ Aknalich), of volcanic origin. “Akn” means "spring (water)" in Armenian.

Geology

The compound scoria cone of Azhdahak is up to 1600m in diameter and about 370m high. The total area of volcanic lavas, partly eroded and overlapped by the streams of tar, is around 8 square km. The cone is formed of scoria, lapilli, sands, volcanic ash, debris, lava boulders, and volcanic bombs.

Fauna and flora

Bird fauna of Gegham Mountain Range includes about 250 species, what makes up 70% of all Armenia's avifauna. Stony slopes are an irreplaceable habitat for birds of prey, such as:

• Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
• Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)
• Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus)
• Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca)
• Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)
• Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)

On the snow-covered slopes, traces of brown bear (Ursus arctos) are often found.

The following plants are typically found in the Gegham Mountains area and surroundings of Azhdahak:

• Jurinea moschus
• Arabis caucasica
• Catsfoot diclinous (Antennaria dioica),
• Gentiana pontica
• Red everlasting (Helichrysum pallasii),
• Lady's-mantle (Alchemilla grossheimii),
• Alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzi),
• Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia parviflora),
• Merendera Radde (Colchicum raddeanum),
• Oxytrope Lazica (Oxytropis lazica),
• Vavilovia Oshe (Lathyrus formosus)

Rock carvings

A great number of petroglyphs – rock-carvings has been found in the surroundings of Azhdahak. Most images depict men in scenes of hunting and fighting, as well as astronomical bodies and phenomena: the Sun, the Moon, constellations, the stellar sky, lightning, etc.

Settlements near Azhdahak

In Gegham mountains are engaged the cattle breeding people called Yazidi – one of national minorities of Armenia, who move to the mountains for the summer and live in tents with families and even with infants. The Yazidis are an ethno-confessional group, whose main identity is religion; Yazidism or Sharfadin. Nomadic stockbreeding is their major occupation. The Yazidi society is a caste system including three main components: the Shaykhs, the Pirs (clergy) and murids (laymen).

Tourism and hiking

The beauty of the Azhdahak surroundings have long attracted tourists. However, the probability of running across each other different hiking groups is insignificant. It depends on the remoteness from the civilization, orientation complexities, that aggravate with weather condition factors, such as: thunder and lightning, hail and snow, fog with visibility down to 2-3m.

References

• Top-pliocene of quaternary volcanos of Armenia SSR, Volcanoes of Gegham and Vardenis volcanic areas, A.E. Kocharyan, K.G. Shirinyan.
• The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia, G. Asatryan and V. Arakelova.
• Handbook of Birds of Armenia, Martin S. Adamyan and Daniel Klem, Jr., American University of Armenia, 1999, ISBN 978-0965742931; and the article "Khosrov forest reserve" by Martin S. Adamyan
• The Alpine Vegetative Cover of Armenia, S.A. Baloyan.

External links

• The Mystery of Azhdahak Archived 2012-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
• Azhdahak
• Geology of Azhdahak Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
• RockArt Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine