2003–2009 Chinese football match-fixing scandals

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The 2003–2009 Chinese football match-fixing scandals were revealed by a large-scale 2009–2013 investigation of football betting, bribery and match-fixing (Chinese: 中国足坛反赌风暴; lit. 'Chinese football anti-betting storm'[Note 1]). The scandals were first made public in October 2009. Instead of being led by General Administration of Sport of China or Chinese Football Association like previous investigations, this investigation was led by the Ministry of Public Security.[1] Xie Yalong, Nan Yong and Yang Yimin, who are all former vice presidents of Chinese Football Association, along with Zhang Jianqiang and some other CFA officials were arrested and removed from their posts. Shanghai Shenhua was stripped of their 2003 Chinese Jia-A League title. Lu Jun, the only Chinese referee in the history of FIFA World Cup, and China national football team players Shen Si, Jiang Jin, Qi Hong and Li Ming were arrested and sentenced to 5.5 years or 6 years in jail.

Background[edit]

In the aftermath of the 2001 Chinese football match-fixing scandal, referee Gong Jianping was jailed and died in the prison. Other team managers, referees and officials were not subject to any criminal prosecution. Shandong Luneng Taishan, Shanghai Shenhua and Zhejiang Green Town were fined 800,000 RMB, Jiangsu Sainty and Dalian Shide were fined 500,000 RMB, Qingdao Etsong Hainiu was fined 300,000 RMB. Their club managers were "seriously warned".[2]

In 2006, Liaoshen Evening News report match-fixing event to the Chinese Football Association. Xie Yalong, Nan Yong and Yang Yimin replied "the CFA will carefully study the evidence and quickly request judicial intervention. Please report to us again next time."[3]

Notable affected matches[edit]

Shanghai Shenhua vs Shanghai COSCO Sanlin in 2003[edit]

Round 25, 2003 Chinese Jia-A League
Shanghai Shenhua4–1Shanghai COSCO Sanlin

It was revealed in 2011 that the referee Lu Jun and CFA official Zhang Jianqiang received bribes totaling 700,000 yuan from Shanghai Shenhua[4] before this Shanghai derby match between the top two teams. In 2013, Shanghai Shenhua was stripped of its 2003 title. Lu Jun, once nicknamed "Golden Whistle" (金哨), was sentenced to 5.5 years in prison for fixing the results of the Shanghai derby and six other league matches.

Shanghai COSCO Sanlin vs Tianjin TEDA in 2003[edit]

Round 30, 2003 Chinese Jia-A League
Shanghai COSCO Sanlin1–2Tianjin TEDA

The CFA stipulated that the result of "the 2002 Jia-A League rank * 0.5 + the 2003 Jia-A League rank" will be used to determine the teams participating the newly created Chinese Super League in 2004. In the final round of the 2003 Jia-A League, Chongqing Lifan would have to lose to Qingdao Etsong Hainiu and hope Shanghai COSCO Sanlin, a title hopeful, could beat (or tie with) Tianjin TEDA. In the match, Chongqing's supporters cheered for the guest team, Qingdao, and Chongqing Lifan successfully lost to Qingdao Etsong Hainiu 1–3. However, Shanghai COSCO Sanlin lost to Tianjin TEDA in a 1–2 blowout. Tianjin TEDA gained the last seat for the inaugural Chinese Super League and Chongqing Lifan was relegated (although Chongqing was eventually able to qualify for the 2004 CSL by merging with Yunnan Hongta). Shanghai International finished one point behind the champions Shanghai Shenhua (in 2013, Shenhua were stripped of the title for bribing Lu Jun in the 9 November derby match).

In 2012, it was found that in 2003, the then vice president of the Chinese Football Association, Nan Yong, did not want Chongqing Lifan to "lose and qualify" and make the CFA rules a laughing stock. With Nan Yong's help, Tianjin TEDA's club manager, Zhang Yifeng, was able to contact Shanghai International and China national football team player Shen Si, who then contacted club and national teammates Jiang Jin, Qi Hong and Li Ming. After Shanghai COSCO Sanlin lost to Tianjin TEDA, the four players received 8 million yuan in total.[5][6] Shen Si was sentenced to six years in prison, the other three were sentenced to five years and six months in prison.[7]

Guangzhou Pharmaceutical vs Shanxi Wosen Luhu in 2006[edit]

Round 17, 2006 China League One
Guangzhou Pharmaceutical5–1Shanxi Wosen Luhu

Guangzhou Pharmaceutical's team leader Yang Xu bribed Wang Pu, the general manager of Shanxi Wosen Luhu.[8]

Guangzhou Pharmaceutical vs Zhejiang Green Town in 2006[edit]

Round 19, 2006 China League One
Guangzhou Pharmaceutical3–2Zhejiang Green Town

With the help of the former CFA League Department official Fan Guangming, and retired Shandong Luneng player Leng Bo and Xing Rui, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical bribed the players of Zhejiang Green Town, Shen Liuxi and Hu Minghua, with a total amount of 1.5 million yuan.[9]

Qingdao Hailifeng vs Chengdu Blades in 2007[edit]

Round 21, 2007 China League One
Qingdao Hailifeng0–2Chengdu Blades

Chengdu Blades general manager Xu Hongtao and deputy general manager You Ke offered Qingdao Hailifeng with 300,000 yuan and free winter training for a month at Chengdu's base, in exchange with Chengdu's victory of the match.[10][11]

"Chip Shot Gate" of Qingdao Hailifeng in 2009[edit]

Round 18, 2009 China League One
Sichuan F.C.0–3Qingdao Hailifeng

In a 2009 match against the bottom-of-the-league Sichuan F.C., Qingdao Hailifeng were leading 3–0 with 20 minutes left. But having bet before the match that the total number of goals would be at least four, Qingdao Hailifeng's chairman, Du Yunqi, asked the team for another goal into either net. Due to Sichuan's defensive effort, Qingdao was unable to score another goal. In the last minutes, Qingdao players tried three chip shots into their own goal. However, due to the goalkeeper Mou Pengfei's two saves on his teammates' shots and with the third attempt going wide, the match ended 3–0. The match was known as "Chip Shot Gate (吊射门)" in China. In 2010, CFA revoked Qingdao Helifeng's league registration.[12] In 2012, Du Yunqi was sentenced to seven years in prison.[13]

Punishment[edit]

Clubs[edit]

On February 21, 2010, the CFA Disciplinary Committee made preliminary punishment decisions for clubs identified by the Ministry of Public Security Gambling Task Force as being involved in match-fixing cases.[14]

On February 18, 2013, the CFA Disciplinary Committee again announced its decision to punish the clubs involved in the match-fixing cases:[15]

Individuals[edit]

In addition, punishment was imposed on the individuals involved:[16]

Name Organization / Team / Company Position Banned from football-related activities for
Yang Yimin (杨一民) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Vice Director, Full-time Vice President Lifetime
Zhang Jianqiang (张建强) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director of the Referee Committee Lifetime
Nan Yong (南勇) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director, CCP Secretary, Full-time Vice President Lifetime
Xie Yalong (谢亚龙) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director, CCP Deputy Secretary, Full-time Vice President Lifetime
Wei Shaohui (蔚少辉) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association China national football team Leader Lifetime
Li Dongsheng (李冬生) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director of Technical Department Lifetime
Fan Guangming (范广鸣) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Business officer in charge Lifetime
Lü Feng (吕锋) Chinese Super League Co., Ltd. General Manager Lifetime
Yang Feng (杨峰) Chinese Super League Co., Ltd. Deputy Director of Business 5 years
Zhang Zujian (张祖建) Chinese Super League Co., Ltd. Staff 5 years
Huang Junjie (黄俊杰) Shanghai Football Association Referee Lifetime
Lu Jun Beijing Sport University Referee Lifetime
Zhou Weixin (周伟新) None Referee Lifetime
Wan Daxue (万大雪) Zhuozhou Amateur Sports School Referee Lifetime
Jian Gao (高健) Chongqing Football Association Secretary General 5 years
Shen Si Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player Lifetime
Qi Hong Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player Lifetime
Jiang Jin Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player Lifetime
Li Ming Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player Lifetime
Lou Shifang (楼世芳) Shanghai Shenhua General Manager 5 years
Sui Jianhua (眭建华) Shanghai Shenhua Vice General Manager 5 years
Zhang Yifeng (张义锋) Tianjin TEDA General Manager 5 years
Wang Pu (王珀) Shanxi Wosen Luhu General Manager Lifetime
Ding Zhe (丁哲) Shanxi Wosen Luhu Assistant coach 5 years
Du Yunqi (杜允琪) Qingdao Hailifeng President Lifetime
Zuo Wenqing (左文清) Qingdao Hailifeng Head coach Lifetime
Wang Shouye (王守业) Qingdao Hailifeng General Manager Lifetime
Du Bin (杜斌) Qingdao Hailifeng Player Lifetime
Liang Ming (梁明) Qingdao Hailifeng Player Lifetime
Liu Hongwei (刘红伟) Qingdao Hailifeng Team Leader 5 years
Shen Liuxi (沈刘曦) Zhejiang Green Town Player Lifetime
Hu Minghua (胡明华) Zhejiang Green Town Player Lifetime
Gao Hui (高珲) Yanbian Changbai Tiger Head coach Lifetime
Kim Kwang-soo (金光洙) Yanbian Changbai Tiger Assistant coach Lifetime
Leng Bo (冷波) Qingdao Etsong Hainiu Assistant coach Lifetime
Wu Xiaodong (吴晓东) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Vice General Manager Lifetime
Yang Xu (杨旭) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Team Leader Lifetime
Xie Bin (谢彬) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Vice Chairman 5 years
Chen Zhinong (陈志农) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Vice Chairman 5 years
Xu Hongtao (许宏涛) Chengdu Blades General Manager 5 years
You Kewei (尤可为) Chengdu Blades Team Leader 5 years
Gao Feng (高峰) Wuxi Zobon Player Lifetime
Li Dan (李丹) Wuxi Zobon Player Lifetime　
Chen Qi (陈琦) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Tan Xu (谭旭) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Chen Liang (陈亮) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Sun Xiaobun (孙晓鹍) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Yao Youming (姚幼明) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Zhang Yang (张扬) Wuxi Zobon Player 5 years
Li Zhimin (李志民) Shaanxi National Power Chairman Lifetime
Chen Hong (陈宏) Chongqing Lifan General Manager 5 years
Wang Xuezhi (王学智) Guangzhou Matsunichi General Manager, Former International Referee 5 years
Mu Jun (慕军) Guangzhou Matsunichi Player 5 years
Xu Hong Sichuan First City Head coach 5 years
Zhang Jian (章健) Shenyang Sealion General Manager 5 years
Xu Xiaomin (许晓敏) Shenyang Sealion Team Leader 5 years
Guo Feng (郭峰) Beijing AOLINSP Economic and Trade Development Co. Football Agent 5 years

Convicted individuals and clubs[edit]

CFA officials[edit]

Name Organization / Team / Company Position Date of arrest (by the procuratorate) Charge[17][18] First trial verdict
Xie Yalong (谢亚龙)[19] Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director, CCP Deputy Secretary, Full-time Vice President 5 October 2010 (2010-10-05) Alleged bribe-taking, Dereliction of duty 10.5 years in prison, Confiscation of all personal property
Nan Yong (南勇)[20] Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director, CCP Secretary, Full-time Vice President 27 January 2010 (2010-01-27) Alleged bribe-taking, Dereliction of duty 10.5 years in prison, Confiscation of 200,000 yuan in property
Yang Yimin (杨一民) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Vice Director, Full-time Vice President 27 January 2010 (2010-01-27) Bribe-taking 10.5 years in prison, Confiscation of 200,000 yuan in property
Zhang Jianqiang (张建强) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director of the Referee Committee 27 January 2010 (2010-01-27) Bribe-taking 12 years in prison, Confiscation of 250,000 yuan in property
Wei Shaohui (蔚少辉) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association China national football team Leader 5 October 2010 (2010-10-05) Alleged bribe-taking 10.5 years in prison, Confiscation of 200,000 yuan in property
Li Dongsheng (李冬生) Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Director of Technical Department 5 October 2010 (2010-10-05) Alleged bribe-taking 9 years in prison, Fines of 100,000 yuan
Fan Guangming (范广鸣)[21] Chinese Football Sport Management Center, Chinese Football Association Business Officer in charge 6 November 2009 (2009-11-06) Bribe-giving to non-state employee 3.5 years in prison, Fines of 150,000 yuan
Lü Feng (吕锋) Chinese Super League Co., Ltd. General Manager Bribe-giving, Non-state employee bribe-taking 6.5 years in prison, Confiscation of 150,000 yuan in property
Yang Xu (杨旭)[22] Guangzhou Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou Football Association Officials Team Leader 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Lin Weiguo (林卫国) Chinese Football Association Head of Youth Department November 2020 (2020-11) Alleged bribe-taking

Referees[edit]

Name Charge[18] First trial verdict Note
Lu Jun[23] Non-state employee bribe-taking 5.5 years in prison, Confiscation of 100,000 yuan in property Chinese Jia-A League Referee of the Decade, two-time Asian Football Confederation Referee of the Year, the only Chinese referee that has supervised FIFA World Cup match
Huang Junjie (黄俊杰) Non-state employee bribe-taking 7 years in prison, Confiscation of 200,000 yuan in property
Zhou Weixin (周伟新) Non-state employee bribe-taking, Bribe-giving to non-state employee 3.5 years in prison
Wan Daxue (万大雪) Non-state employee bribe-taking 6 years in prison, Confiscation of 150,000 yuan in property

Players and Coaches[edit]

Name Organization / Team / Company Position Charge[18] First trial verdict Note
Yan Yi (阎毅)[24] Wuhan Optics Valley Goalkeeper Former China national under-23 football team player
Ding Zhe (丁哲)[25] Shenyang Sealion Assistant coach Unknown
Li Xuebai (李雪柏) Shanxi Wosen Luhu Player
Lü Dong (吕东)[26] Liaoning F.C. Player 3 years in prison, Fines of 1500,000 yuan
Leng Bo (冷波)[27] Qingdao Jonoon Assistant coach 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Xing Rui (邢锐) Shandong Luneng Taishan Former Captain 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Hu Minghua (胡明华) Zhejiang Green Town Former Player 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Shen Liuxi (沈刘曦) Zhejiang Green Town Former Player 5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Zuo Wenqing (左文清)[28] Qingdao Hailifeng Head coach 5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Gao Hui (高珲) Yanbian Changbai Tiger Former Head Coach 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Kim Kwang-soo (金光洙) Yanbian Changbai Tiger Former Assistant Coach 2 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Shen Si Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player 6 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income[7] China national football team player
Jiang Jin Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player 5.5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income[7] China national football team player
Qi Hong Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player 5.5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income[7] China national football team player
Li Ming Shanghai COSCO Sanlin Player 5.5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income[7] China national football team player

Clubs and Staff[edit]

Name Organization / Team / Company Position Charge[18] First trial verdict Note
Wang Pu (王珀)[29] Shaanxi National Power, Shanxi Wosen Luhu General Manager Non-state employee bribe-taking, Fraud 8 years in prison, Fines of 230,000 yuan
Li Zhimin (李志民) Shaanxi National Power Chairman Non-state employee bribe-taking 5 years in prison, Confiscation of 250,000 yuan in property
Wang Xin (王鑫)[30] Liaoning F.C. Team Leader and General Manager Bribe-giving to non-state employee, Opening a casino 7 years in prison, Fines of 3300,000 yuan
Du Yunqi (杜允琪) Qingdao Hailifeng President Bribe-giving by non-state employee, Non-state employee bribe-taking, Illegal detention 7 years in prison, Confiscation of 100,000 yuan in property
Wang Shouye (王守业) Qingdao Hailifeng General Manager 5 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Liu Hongwei (刘红伟)[27][31] Qingdao Hailifeng Team Leader Non-state employee bribe-taking 1 year in prison, 1 year of probation, Released by the court Former China national football team player
You Kewei (尤可为)[32] Chengdu Blades Team Leader and Vice General Manager Bribe-giving to non-state employee 1 year in prison, 1 year of probation, Fines of 600,000 yuan, Released by the court
Xu Hongtao (许宏涛)[33] Chengdu Blades General Manager Bribe-giving to non-state employee 1 year in prison, 1 year of probation, Released by the court
Chen Zhinong (陈志农) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Vice General Manager 2 years in prison, 3 years of probation, Confiscation of all illegal income
Wu Xiaodong (吴晓东)[34] Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Vice General Manager 3 years in prison, Confiscation of all illegal income
Xie Bin (谢彬) Guangzhou Pharmaceutical High Level Official 2 years in prison, 3 years of probation, Confiscation of all illegal income
Zhong Guojian (钟国建) Guangdong Xiongying General Manager
He Bing (何兵)[35] Shenyang Sealion General Manager
Yang Wei (杨巍) Football Agent[36]
Zhang Yifeng (张义锋) Tianjin TEDA General Manager
Yu Zhifei (郁知非) Shanghai Shenhua General Manager 4 years in prison, Fines of 300,000 yuan
Lou Shifang (楼世芳) Shanghai Shenhua General Manager
Chengdu Blades Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 600,000 yuan
Qingdao Hailifeng Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 2000,000 yuan
Shandong Luneng Taishan Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 1000,000 yuan
Shanghai Shenhua Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 1000,000 yuan
Tianjin TEDA Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 1000,000 yuan
Yanbian Changbai Tiger Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 500,000 yuan
Changchun Yatai Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 500,000 yuan
Jiangsu Sainty Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 500,000 yuan
Henan Jianye Bribe-giving to non-state employee Fines of 500,000 yuan

Related articles[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Sometimes also known as "Chinese: 中国足坛反腐风暴; lit. 'Chinese football anti-corruption storm'" or "Chinese: 中国足坛打黑风暴; lit. 'Chinese football anti-organized crime storm'"

References[edit]

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